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2019 Supreme(Pat) 2222

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
ANJANA MISHRA, J.
Civil Review Nos. 493 of 2017 with 21-22 of 2018 In Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No. 13205, 2009 of 2010 and 4438 of 2009
(26.4.2019)
The Food Corporation of India
& Ors. – Petitioners
(in all)
vs.
M/s Sasa Musa Sugar Works Ltd.
& Anr. (in 493)
M/s Vishnu Sugar Mills Ltd.
& Anr. (in 21)
M/s Riga Sugar Company Ltd.
& Anr. (in 22) – Opp. Parties

Advocates Appeared:
For the Union of India : M/s S.D. Sanjay, Kumar Priya Ranjan, Niraj Kumar.
For the F.C.I. : Mr. P.K. Verma.
For the Respondent: M/s Y.V. Giri, Ashish Giri, Sumit Kumar Jha, Rajat Kr. Tiwary.

Headnote:

Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Order 47, Rule 1 read with Section 114 – Review – Parameters – Section 114 empowers High Court to review its own judgment but its jurisdiction is limited – It has to be exercised within frame work of Section 114 read with Order 47 of CPC – Review of a judgment or an order could be maintained where a rule from discovery of new and important matters evidence which after exercise of due diligence was not within knowledge of applicant, such important matter or evidence could not be produced by applicant at the time when decree was passed or order made, on the account of some mistake or error apparent on face of record and/or any other sufficient reason – Review would not be maintainable unless there is an error apparent on face of record and provisions could not be invoked to set right an erroneous decision – Under such circumstances, only remedy available to party would be to file an appeal against said order – Reopening of a matter can be encouraged only if there is an mistake or an error apparent on face of record and said power cannot be exercised as it is not permissible for an erroneous decision to be reheard and corrected. (Paras 6, 8, 9 and 10)

Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Order 47 Rule 1 read with Section 114 – Review – Parameters – Power of Review should not ordinarily be exercised unless and until there is a glaring omission or a patent mistake or a grave error” has crept in because of judicial fallibility – Review should not transform into an appeal in disguise so as to re-open issues which had already been settled in writ application – ”actus curiae neminem gravabit”, (i.e., an act of court shall prejudice none) – Power of Review can be invoked in such cases in correcting the error which may have been occasioned by Court – However, principles of “actus curiae”, would be available to an injured party only if it was without redress. (Paras 35 and 37)

Essential Commodities (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2009 – Section 3(1)(a) read with Sub-section (2) – Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Section 114 – Review petition – Direction to FCI to refund amounts which have been repayable against excess payment for levy sugar – Change of law in new contention cannot be raised at stage of review – Courts may exercise its power of Review on discovery of new and important matters or evidence which after exercise of due diligence was not within knowledge of person seeking Review or could not produce before him at the time when order was made – Amendment in E.C. Act which is sought to be used as judicial trump card by Review petitioners was not something which they had discovered as same was part of their own legislation and very much available with them all through course of litigation – It cannot be said that authorities had practised due diligence with regard to amendment which was well within their knowledge – Such an argument does not find favour with this Court so as to necessitate exercise of power under Review jurisdiction – Order under review which has been sought to be altered by review-petitioners does not warrant interference by this Court – Any interference and review of judgement of this Court would amount to interference in judgement rendered in co-ordinate matter which has its approval by Apex Court – Review petition dismissed. (Paras 25, 26, 39, 40, 45 and 46)

Anjana Mishra, J. – The Food Corporation of India, has invoked the power of Review by filing an application under Article 226 of the Constitution of India for reviewing the order dated 27.02.2017 passed in C.W.J.C. No. 4439 of 2009. The aforesaid order was passed relying on the judgement delivered in another case of M/s Hari Nagar Sugar Mills Limited, Mumbai through its Manager S. N. Poddar & Anr. vs. The Union of India & Ors. (LPA No. 380 of 2002 disposed of on 30th July, 2008) reported in 2008(4) BBCJ 347, whereby the Food Corporation of India was mandamized to refund the amounts which have been repayable against the excess payment for levy sugar for the years 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977-78, upon re-fixation by adjusting against the payments which were payable for the years 1995-96 and 1996-97. The aforesaid writ application was disposed of in the following terms: –

“10. The Food Corporation of India, being the nominee of the Central Government, received levy sugar for the sugar years in question from the appellant. It paid the price payable on account of such levy sugar as was fixed by the Notifications issued by the Central Government during the relevant sugar years. No sooner the Central Government published the Notifications dated 22nd February, 1995 pertaining to the relevant sugar years, the Food Corporation of India felt that it has made excess payment to the appellant in relation to supplies effected by it during the relevant sugar years, almost 20 years back. Proceeding on such understanding the Food Corporation of India purported to recover the excess payment alleged to have been made by it from the current bills of the appellant in relation to sale of levy sugar by the appellant to the Food Corporation of India for the sugar year 1995-96. This action on the part of the Food Corporation of India led to presentation of a writ petition by the appellant in this Court, which was registered as CWJC No. 9010/1996. The said writ petition was taken up for hearing on 21st October, 1997 when a learned Single Judge of this Court in His Lordship’s order recorded the principal contentions of the appellant, as had been put forward in the said writ petition, and then recorded the submissions of the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Union of India. After having had recorded the submission of the learned counsel for the Union of India that the Union of India is coming out with a fresh Notification within a period of two months, the learned Single Judge, while directed the Union of India to issue such a notification, also directed the Food Corporation of India to recalculate the amount of the price within a period of two weeks and thereupon to pay to the appellant, if any amount is found due by the Food Corporation of India to the appellant.”

2. The grounds on which the present application for Review has been preferred are as follows: –

i. Does the judgment passed by this Court suffer from any error apparent on the face of the record.

ii. Is the order passed by the Court hit by the principles of res judicata as for the same relief the respondent / petitioner- Sasa Musa Sugar Works had earlier moved the Delhi High Court in which the Food Corporation of India had been given liberty to recover the excess amount paid towards the levy sugar for the years 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977-78, after re-determination by the Government in view of the Apex Court judgement in M/s Malaprabha’s case, from the bills of 1995-96 and 1996-97 and the same having been adjudicated once by another court, could be entertained before this Court for similar relief and a separate and contradictory order be passed.

iii. Can the case of Hari Nagar Sugar Mills Limited be equated and treated as an equal case to that of the petitioner, though the present company stands on a completely different footing.

iv. Is the judgement rendered by this Court in the teeth of the judgement and order passed by the Hon’ble Apex Court in the case of M/s Malaprabha Sugar Cooperative L

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