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2024 Supreme(Del) 19

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
Neena Bansal Krishna, J.
Tani Sandhu Bhargava - Appellant
Versus
Shumita Didi Sandhu - Respondent
CS(OS) 452 of 2019 & I.A. 11742 of 2020
Decided On : 22-01-2024

Advocates appeared:
Mr. Jayant K. Mehta, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Laksh Khanna and Ms. Smriti Maheshwari, Advocates, for the Plaintiff.
Mr. Alok Gupta, Advocate for Defendant.
Ms. Mohini Narain and Mr. Ishan Narain, Advocates in IA No. 13850/2021.
Mr. Sanjay Kumar and Ms. Ekta Gambhir, Advocates in I.A. Nos. 11075/2022 and 11075/2022.

IMPORTANT POINT
The judgment emphasizes that in a suit for possession, the controversies raised between the parties to the litigation alone must be adjudicated upon, and the scope of the suit cannot be expanded to include claims of third parties regarding ownership/title of the property.

Headnote:

Impleadment - Property Dispute - Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Order I Rule 10, Order XXXII Rule 1, Order XXXII Rule 3, Section 151 - 1908 CPC

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff filed a suit for Possession and Permanent Injunction against the defendant, claiming ownership of the suit property. The applicants, heirs of the deceased, sought impleadment asserting their right to the property as ancestral. The court considered whether the applicants can be allowed to be impleaded in the proceedings.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the suit was for possession and did not involve a declaration of title. It concluded that the applicants were not necessary parties for the adjudication of the suit. The court dismissed the applications for impleadment and appointment of a guardian ad-litem.

Issues: Whether the applicants can be impleaded in a suit for possession and permanent injunction. Whether the scope of the suit can be expanded to include the claims of the applicants regarding ownership/title of the property.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the controversies raised between the parties to the litigation alone must be adjudicated upon. It emphasized that the suit for possession and permanent injunction based on permissive use would not affect the rights of third parties claiming independent title. The court also highlighted that a third party cannot be added to convert a suit of one character into a suit for another character.

Final Decision: The applications for impleadment and appointment of a guardian ad-litem were dismissed.

JUDGMENT

Neena Bansal Krishna, J.

I.A. 13850/2021 (under Order I Rule 10, Order XXXII Rule 1 read with Section 151 of the CPC for impleadment); I.A. 11075/2022 (under Order I Rule 10, Order XXXII Rule 1 read with Section 151 of the CPC for impleadment) & I.A.11076/2022 (under Order XXXII Rule 3 read with Section 151 of CPC for appointment as the guardian ad-litim)

1. The application being I.A. 13850/2021 under Order I Rule 10 read with Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, (hereinafter referred to as `CPC') has been filed on behalf of Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh, to be impleaded as a party and I.A. No. 11075/2022 under Order I Rule 10, Order XXXII Rule 1 read with Section 151 of the CPC, has been filed by Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu d/o Late Sh. Sanjay Singh Sandhu, through her maternal grandmother Ms. Rajni Tyagi, to be impleaded as a party to the present suit with an accompanied with an application being I.A. 11076/2022 under Order XXXII Rule 3 read with Section 151 of CPC, filed on behalf of Ms. Rajni Tyagi, to be appointed as the guardian ad-litim of the applicant Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu.

2. Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh in her application has asserted that the suit property i.e. the Ground Floor of Block No. 172, Plot No. 202, JorBagh, New Delhi - 110003, comprising three bedrooms with attached bathrooms. Drawing Room, Dining Room, One Kitchen, Front Lawn, Back Courtyard, One Car Parking, One Servant Room with common Bath and Toilet on the right side of the terrace above Third Floor of Block No. 172, Plot No. 202, JorBagh, New Delhi, is an HUF property having been purchased by Late Sh. Hardev Singh, father of applicant Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh and grandfather of applicant Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu, from the proceeds of ancestral properties of the family. It is submitted that though the property had been purchased by their father in the name of mother Late Smt. Sheila Sandhu, but it does not change the character of the property even if the Sale Deed was executed in her name. Thus, the suit property being an ancestral property, Late Smt. Sheila Sandhu, the mother of applicant Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh and grandmother of applicant Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu, did not have the right to bequeath the same to the plaintiff.

3. It is asserted that Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh and Mr. Sanjay Singh, father of applicant Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu, being the Class I heirs of Mr. Hardev Singh, have a right, title and interest in the suit property, therefore, they both by way of their respective applications, have sought their impleadment in the present suit.

4. It is asserted that the plaintiff has taken advantage of the mental condition of Late Mrs. Sheila Devi who was showing symptoms of early onset of alzheimers and dementia since 2006, to get the documents executed in her favour. Thus, undue force and coercion has been exercised by the plaintiff in execution of the documents which are illegal and void.

5. Similar grounds have been agitated by Ms. Salina Singh Sandhu for her impleadment through her maternal grandmother, as she is a minor.

6. The applications are contested by the plaintiff, who has stated that a registered Gift Deed dated 29.01.2008, was executed in her name by her mother Late Smt. Sheila Devi. She had also executed a prior Will dated 22.06.2006, wherein she had stated that the residential property bearing No. 202, Zor Bagh (Ground Floor) along with the commercial property at World Trade Centre, Barakhamba Lane, New Delhi, shall be bequeathed to the plaintiff.

7. Not only this, a subsequent Will dated 18.08.2011 was executed by Ms. Sheila Sandhu, wherein, she had revoked all her earlier Wills and executed a fresh Will in respect of her assets, which she bequeathed to the legal heirs of Late Mr. Sanjay Singh Sandhu, her son/husband of the defendant and to the applicant Ms. Zoya Mohan Nursingh. It is asserted that in the subsequent Will, there was no mention of the suit property since it stood gifted to the plaintiff.

8. It is submitted that the

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