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2026 Supreme(Jhk) 338

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
Sujit Narayan Prasad, Arun Kumar Rai, JJ.
The Union of India through the General Manager, South Eastern Railway - Petitioner
Versus
Sanjeev Kumar Suman Son of Sri Chandeshwar Prasad - Respondent
W.P (S) No.5864 of 2023 With W.P (S) No.5823 of 2023
Decided On : 09-02-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioner: Mr. Prashant Pallav, ASGI, Ms. Shivani Jaluka, AC to ASGI, Mr. Ravi Prakash, CGC
For the Respondent:Mr. Niladri Shekhar Mukharjee, Advocate, Mrs. Sandhya, Singh, Advocate, Dr. Shree Krishana Pandey, Advocate

Tribunal cannot grant higher promotional pay scale to one cadre's employees matching another distinct cadre's juniors by one-time parity, as it exceeds jurisdiction absent Article 14 violation from rational classification.

Headnote:(A) Constitution of India - Articles 14, 226, 323A - Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 - Railway service rules - Pay parity - Employees appointed as Chief Commercial Clerks under direct recruitment quota in pay scale Rs.5500-9000 seeking parity with juniors appointed as Commercial Inspectors Grade-III later promoted to Grade-II in Rs.6500-10500 - Posts in distinct cadres with separate hierarchies, promotion modes and strengths - Tribunal acknowledging separate cadres but granting higher pay scale by one-time measure to rectify anomaly - Tribunal exceeds jurisdiction as no entitlement to promotional scale without promotion; direction nullity - Article 14 not violated by rational classification between distinct cadres. (Paras 16-49)

(B) Judicial Review - Scope - Tribunal/High Court under Article 226 examines for error apparent on face, perversity or jurisdictional excess - Cannot grant relief beyond legal entitlement by one-time exercise or parity where reasonable classification exists - No interference unless hostile discrimination. (Paras 36-45)

Facts of the case:
Writ petitions against Tribunal order directing grant of higher pay scale Rs.6500-10500 from promotion date as Chief Commercial Inspectors to respondents appointed earlier as Chief Commercial Clerks (GP Rs.4200), equating with juniors in separate Commercial Inspector cadre promoted to Grade-II despite distinct cadre structures and hierarchies.

Findings of Court:
Direction granting higher pay scale quashed as Tribunal exceeded jurisdiction; respondents remain in their cadre's pay scale without merger or promotion.

Issues: Whether Tribunal can direct higher promotional pay scale in distinct cadre via parity/one-time measure despite acknowledging no equation of posts/cadres; validity under Article 14.

Ratio Decidendi: Separate cadres with different recruitment/promotion schemes permit rational classification immune from Article 14 challenge; Tribunal cannot exceed authority to grant unentitled relief under guise of parity, rendering direction null and void.

Result: Writ petitions allowed.

Table of Content
1. factual background of pay disparity and tribunal order. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8)
2. parties argue against and for pay parity. (Para 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13)
3. tribunal jurisdiction mirrors art 226; distinct cadre structures. (Para 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23)
4. separate hierarchies; merger policy issue; improper pay grant. (Para 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34)
5. no one-time relief absent entitlement; art 14 classification. (Para 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39)
6. cadres independent; judicial review for apparent errors. (Para 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45)
7. tribunal exceeded jurisdiction; order nullity. (Para 46 , 47 , 48)
8. writs allowed; pay direction quashed. (Para 49 , 50 , 51)

ORDER :

Sujit Narayan Prasad, J.

1. Both the writ petitions are taken up together for hearing since the common issues are involved in these writ petitions and these are preferred against the common order passed by the learned Central Administrative Tribunal, Patna Bench, Patna (Circuit Bench at Ranchi) [in short, the learned Tribunal].

2. These writ petitions under Article 226 of the Constitution of India are directed against the common order dated 19.05.2023 passed in O.A No. OA/051/00343/2021 and the second one in O.A No. OA/051/00346/2021 by the learned Tribunal whereby and whereunder direction has been given to grant same pay as Sachin Kumar Gupta and Anurag Kumar to the respondent-applicants from the date they were promoted as Chief Commercial Inspector and the order dated 29.04.2021 passed by the Senior Divisional Commercial Manager, South Eastern Railway, Ranchi Division, Ranchi has been quashed.

3. The brief facts of the case as per the impugned order and the pleadings made in the writ petition which require to be enumerated reads as under:

(i) The Grievance of the applicants(respondents herein) is that they were selected for the post of Commercial Apprentice, after due process, pursuant to Centralised Employment Notice of year 2010 and after training they were appointed to the post of Chief Commercial Clerk/Commercial Inspector in year 2015 but are being given GP @ Rs 4200/- P.M. whereas some of their junior selected for the same post of Commercial Apprentice pursuant to similar Employment Notice of subsequent year and after training were appointed to the post of Chief Commercial Clerk/Commercial Inspector are being given GP @ Rs 4600/- P.M..

(ii) The case of the applicants, as is emerging from their respective OA is that they presently are manning the post of Chief Commercial Clerk (Goods), that they are selectee of Batch No2/13 for the post of Commercial Apprentice and were selected pursuant to Centralised Employment Notice No. 02/2010 dated 13/2/2010 (Annexure A/1 in OA No. 343/2021 and offer of appointment dated 07.01.2013 and dated 13.09.2012, respectively for the post of Commercial Apprentice was given to them and after recruitment to the post of Commercial Apprentice they were sent for requisite training.

(iii) They underwent three years training successfully and on completion of training were appointed as Chief Commercial Clerk/Commercial Inspector, in the Pay band of Rs. 9300-34800+ Grade Pay Rs. 4200/-, vide office order dated 18.05.2015 (Annexure A/8 in OA No. 343/2021).

(iv) Thereafter on reporting the Division, they vide order dated 04.06.2015 (Annexure A/9 in OA No. 343/2021) were posted as Chief Commercial Clerk.

(v) Further averment of applicant is that in subsequent year, after appointment of applicants, similar Employment Notice for appointment of Commercial Apprentice (Batch 4/14) was given and after due process of selection & on completion of training said selected candidates, like applicants were appointed as Chief Commercial Clerk/Commercial Inspector in the Pay band of Rs. 9300- 34800+ Grade Pay Rs. 4200/-and some of them were posted as Chief Commercial Clerk and some other as Commercial Inspector. Sachin Kumar Gupta and Anurag Kumar were posted as Commercial Inspector

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