IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
J.J. MUNIR, J.
Rakesh Kumar (Defendant No. 2/1) and Another - Petitioners
Versus
Chhotey Lal and Others - Respondents
Matters Under Article 227 No. 5364 of 2018
Decided On : 15-05-2023
Constitution of India, 1950 – Article 227 – Civil Procedure Code, 1908 – Section 151 – Order XLI Rule 11 – Order XXXII Rule 3 – Limitation Act, 1963 – Article 136 – Affirming said order in Revision – Second appeal – Held, Indisputable position, therefore, is that limitation has to be reckoned from date of decree of Appellate Court, even if date of order of this Court dismissing second appeal in limine is ignored – Appellate decree was passed by learned Additional District Judge and the execution application was made, which was well within limitation of 12 years under Article 136 of Schedule appended to Act of 1963 – Mention of date of original decree in Column No. 3 would not make any difference because there is copious reference in Column No. 4 of execution application to decree passed in appeal – Petition dismissed.
JUDGMENT :
(J.J. Munir, J.)
1. This is a judgment-debtor's petition under Article 227 of the Constitution arising out of a part rejection of his application under Section 151, Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (for short, 'the Code') by the Executing Court vide order dated 05.05.2018, holding the execution application not barred by time, and the order of the learned District Judge, Etah dated 28.05.2018, affirming the said order in Revision.
2. Briefly stated, the facts relevant for decision of this petition are that one Chhote Lal instituted Original Suit No. 466 of 1969 for specific performance of contract against Maha Ram, saying that the latter had entered into an agreement to sell with the plaintiff on 14.08.1966, covenanting to sell Plot no. 442 admeasuring 4.86 acres, situate at village Birauchi, Paragana Pachalana, District Etah. The suit was instituted before the exCourt of Munsif, Kasganj, saying that Maha Ram had agreed to sell the suit property to the plaintiff in terms of the suit agreement dated 14.08.1966 for a total sale consideration of Rs. 2500/-. It was covenanted between parties that Maha Ram, who was arrayed as defendant no. 1 to the suit, will execute a sale deed in favour of the plaintiff within three months after securing bhumidhari rights. The plaintiff had paid an earnest of Rs. 1000/-, and, defendant No. 1 delivered possession to the plaintiff over the suit property. Maha Ram avoided execution of the covenanted sale deed in favour of the plaintiff on various pretexts, though the plaintiff remained ready and willing throughout to perform his part of the contract. Maha Ram stealthily executed a sale deed, conveying the suit property to one Har Prasad, arrayed as defendant no. 2 to the suit on 13.06.1969. Defendant no. 2 to the suit knew about the prior agreement in favour of the plaintiff, as also the fact of possession being with the plaintiff. The suit aforesaid was duly contested by both the defendants and decreed for the relief of specific performance by the Munsif, Kasganj vide judgment and decree dated 02.06.1975. The said decree was appealed by the second defendant to the suit, Har Prasad before the learned District Judge, Etah, arraying Maha Ram as a proforma respondent. The appeal, upon assignment, came on for hearing before the Additional District Judge, Court No. 5, Etah on 31.03.2011, when it was dismissed and the decree of the Trial Court affirmed. A second appeal from the appellate decree was carried to this Court, being second appeal No. 468 of 2011. The Second Appeal, however, was dismissed by this Court under Order XLI Rule 11 of the Code vide an order dated 24.05.2011. It is common ground that the decree for specific performance has attained finality between parties.
3. An application for execution of the decree was moved on 21.07.2011, that is to say, after the Lower Appellate Court had affirmed the Trial Court and this Court also had summarily rejected the second appeal preferred by Har Prasad, the purchaser and another. In the execution application that was filed, in Column No. 3, the date of the decree to be executed was mentioned as 02.06.1975, that is to say, the date of the original decree. In Column No. 4, it was mentioned that a first appeal from the original decree was filed, being First Appeal No. 114 of 1975, which was dismissed by the learned District Judge, Etah on 31.03.2011. It is mentioned that Second Appeal No. 468 of 2011 too was carried before the High Court, which was dismissed vide order dated 24.05.2011. Now, in the execution case registered on the basis of the execution application dated 21.07.2011, bearing Execution Case No. 2 of 2011, an application has been filed on behalf of judgment-debtors nos. 2/1 and 2/2, bearing paper no. 54-EC-2, saying that the execution application is ex facie barred by time, because it seeks execution of the decree dated 02.06.1975 passe
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The doctrine of merger and the starting period of limitation for execution of a decree are crucial legal principles established in the judgment.
The dismissal of an appeal for want of prosecution does not constitute a decree, and the doctrine of merger does not apply, as the original decree remains enforceable from its issuance.
The execution of an ex parte decree is not barred by limitation if the decree has merged with a revisional order, resetting the limitation period for enforcement.
The period for executing a decree runs from the date of the appellate decree, even when there is an appeal regarding part of the decree.
The limitation period for execution of a decree under Article 136 of the Limitation Act, 1963, begins from the date of the appellate court's final order dismissing the appeal, even if such dismissal ....
The enforceability of a decree begins from the judgment of the appellate court, not from the original decree, thus validating timely execution petitions.
A second execution petition filed after the limitation period is barred, and withdrawal of an earlier execution does not extend the limitation period.
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