IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Pranay Verma, J.
Keshar Bai (Smt.) & Others v. Lakhanlal and Another
Second Appeal No. 566 of 2020 (Indore); against the judgment and decree dated 20.12.2019 passed by the II Additional District Judge, Sujalpur, District Shajapur; Civil Appeals No. 20-A/2017 and 21-A/2017; Decided on 25.3.2022.
¼1½ flfoy çfØ;k lafgrk] 1908 & èkkjk 100 & O;kfIr & oknhx.k foØ; d¢ djkj dk fu"iknu lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgs & ;g rF; dk fu"d"kZ gS & f}rh; vihy ds çØe ij gLr{ksi ;¨X; ughaA ¼iSjk 7½
¼2½ fofufnZ"V vuqr¨"k vfèkfu;e] 1963 & èkkjk 16 & lafonk d¢ fofufnZ"V vuqikyu d¢ fy, okn & 23 o"kZ i'pkr~ çLrqr & bl dkykofèk esa D;k B¨l dne mBk, x,] bl fo"k; esa d¨Ã vfÒopu ;k lcwr ugha & oknhx.k ;g lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgs fd os lafonk d¢ vius Òkx dk vuqikyu djus d¢ fy, lnSo rS;kj v©j jtkean Fks & foyac ,oa ykijokgh dk Li"Vhdj.k fd çfroknh Øekad 1 foØ; foys[k dk fu"iknu djus ls cp jgk Fkk & Lohdk;Z ugha & okn [kkfjt djus esa d¨Ã xyrh ughaA ¼iSjk 8 ,oa 11½
¼3½ laifRr varj.k vfèkfu;e] 1882 & èkkjk 53d & dCts dk laj{k.k & 1989 vFkkZr~ foØ; d¢ djkj dh rkjh[k ls fujarj dCtk lkfcr ugha & 1989 ls fujarj dCtk g¨us ds lcwr d¢ vÒko esa dCts d¢ laj{k.k dk ç'u fcYdqy Hkh mRiUu ugha g¨rkA ¼iSjk 9½
¼4½ çfrdwy dCtk & gd dh Ĩ"k.kk dk nkok 1989 esa fu"ikfnr foØ; d¢ djkj ij vkèkkfjr & nkosnkj dk 1989 ls fujarj dCtk lkfcr ugha & 1989 ls fujarj dCtk g¨us ds lcwr d¢ vÒko esa çfrdwy dCts d¢ vkèkkj ij gd dh Ĩ"k.kk dk nkok xzg.k fd, tkus ;¨X; ughaA , vkb vkj 2003 ,l lh 1905] , vkb vkj 1999 ,l lh 3029] , vkb vkj 2000 ,l lh 860 rFkk , vkb vkj 2001 xqtjkr 90 fofufnZ"VA ¼iSjk 9½
¼5½ lk{; & fl)kar & LohÑr rF; & lkfcr fd;k tkuk visf{kr ughaA ¼iSjk 10½
¼6½ fofufnZ"V vuqr¨"k vfèkfu;e] 1963 & èkkjk 16 & lafonk d¢ fofufnZ"V vuqikyu d¢ fy, okn & dCts dh iqu% çkfIr d¢ fy, çfrnkok & çfroknh Øekad 1 us lqLi"V vfÒokd~ fd;k v©j lkfcr fd;k fd oknhx.k us 2009 esa mls cyiwoZd csn[ky dj fn;k & ;g n'kkZus d¢ fy, vfÒys[k ij d¨Ã nLrkost ugha fd 2009 d¢ iwoZ dHkh Hkh oknhx.k dk dCtk Fkk & çfroknh Øekad 1 dk gd fofèkekU;r% lkfcr & og oknhx.k ls dCtk iqu% çkIr djus dk gdnkj gSA ¼iSjk 11½
(1) Civil P.C. 1908 -- S. 100 -- scope -- plaintiffs failed to prove execution of agreement to sell -- it is finding of fact -- not liable to be interfered with at second appellate stage. [Para 7]
(2) Specific Relief Act, 1963 -- S. 16 -- suit for specific performance of contract -- filed after 23 years -- no plea or proof as to what concrete steps were taken during this period -- plaintiffs failed to prove that they were always ready and willing to perform their part of contract -- explanation for delay and laches that defendant No. 1 was avoiding to execute sale-deed -- not acceptable -- no error committed in dismissing suit. [Paras 8 & 11]
(3) Transfer of Property Act, 1882 -- S. 53A -- protection of possession -- possession ever since 1989, i.e. date of execution of agreement to sell, not proved -- in absence of proof of possession ever since 1989, question of protection of possession does not arise at all. [Para 9]
(4) Adverse Possession -- claim for declaration of title based on agreement to sell executed in 1989 -- possession of claimant ever since 1989 not proved -- in absence of possession ever since 1989, claim for declaration of title on basis of adverse possession not liable to be entertained. AIR 2003 SC 1905, AIR 1999 SC 3029, AIR 2000 SC 860 and AIR 2001 Guj. 90 referred to. [Para 9]
(5) Evidence -- principles -- admitted fact -- not required to be proved. [Para 10]
(6) Specific Relief Act, 1963 -- S. 16 -- suit for specific performance of contract -- counter claim for recovery of possession -- defendant No. 1 categorically pleaded and proved that plaintiffs have forcibly dispossessed him in 2009 -- no document on record to show that plaintiffs were ever in possession prior to 2009 -- title of defendant No. 1 validly proved -- he is entitled to recover possession from plaintiffs. [Para 11]
JUDGMENT
1. The learned counsel for the appellants is heard on the question of admission.
This appeal under section 100 of the CPC has been preferred by the appellants/plaintiffs against the judgment and decree dated 20.12.2019 passed in Regular Civil Appeal 20-A/2017 and 21-A/2017 by the IInd Additional District Judge, Shujalpur, District Shujalpur arising out of the judgment and decree dated 10.8.2017 passed in Civil Suit No.136- A/2017 by the Ist Civil Judge, Class-II, District Shujalpur whereby their claim for specific performance of contract dated 18.4.1989 and for permanent injunction has been dismissed and the counter claim of defendant No.1/appellants has been decreed.
2. As per plaintiffs, Lakhanlal Nai, defendant No.1, was the owner of the suit land bearing survey No.454/3 area 0.418 hectare Gram Pipliya Nagar, Tehsil Kalapipal, District Shajapur. On 18.04.1989 he entered into an agreement with Chhotelal, husband of plaintiff No.1 and father of plaintiffs 2 to 7 for sale of the suit land in his favour at the rate of 2000/- per bigha. An agreement was also executed between them in that regard on 18.4.1989 upon payment of an amount of Rs.4000/- by Chhotelal to defendant No.1 followed by delivery of possession. Chhotelal remained in possession of suit land during his lifetime and after him the plaintiffs have been in possession thereof. Chhotelal requested defendant No.1 for execution of the sale deed in his favour on a number of occasions but he refused to do so on some pretext or of the other. Upon death of Chhotelal, plaintiffs requested defendant No.1 for execution of the sale deed but he did not do so and in the year 2011 specifically stated that he shall not execute the sale deed leading to institution of the instant suit.
3. The defendant No.1 contested the plaintiffs’ claim by filing his written statement submitting inter alia that no agreement to sale was executed between him and Chhotelal, that the agreement set up by plaintiffs is forged and fabricated, that he had purchased the suit land on 29.4.1981 by way of a registered sale deed and has been in possession thereof ever since then, that plaintiffs have forcibly taken possession of the suit land from him in 2009 and have illegally got their possession recorded over the suit land in the revenue records. The defendant No.1 also laid a counter claim for declaration of his title to the suit land, for possession of the same from plaintiffs and for mesne profit. The plaintiffs filed their written statement to the counter claim of defendant No.1.
4. The trial Court held that plaintiffs have not been able to prove that defendant No.1 had entered into an agreement to sale with Chhotelal on 18.4.1989, that they have also failed to prove that they have always been ready and willing to perform their part of the contract, that defendant No.1 has also failed to prove that he is the owner of the suit land and that he is not entitled for possession of the same from plaintiffs though his counter claim is within time. In consequence, plaintiffs claim as well as counter claim of defendant No.1 both were dismissed.
5. Being aggrieved by the judgment and decree aforesaid, the plaintiffs as well as defendant No.1 preferred separate appeals before the Lower Appellate Court which have been heard and decided together by the impugned judgment. While plaintiffs’ appeal has been dismissed, the appeal preferred by defendant No.1 has been partly allowed and he has been declared to be the owner of the suit land and has been held entitled for obtaining possession of the same from plaintiffs.
6. Learned counsel for the appellants submits that the Courts below have committed a gross error of law in holding that plaintiffs have failed to prove the execution of the agreement dated 18.4.1989 by defendant No.1 in favour of Chhotelal. The evidence adduced by plaintiffs in that regard has totally been misread and mis-appreciated by them. The counter claim filed by defendant No.1 was barred by time wher
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the failure to prove the execution of the agreement to sale and the readiness and willingness to perform the contract, along with the admissio....
The plaintiff must prove a valid agreement and readiness to perform for specific performance; failure to establish these elements results in dismissal of the claim.
A party seeking specific performance must continuously prove readiness and willingness to perform the contract; failure results in dismissal of the claim.
The sufficiency of evidence to prove the execution of an agreement to sell and discrepancies in possession and execution of the agreement are crucial in specific performance cases.
Section 54 of Transfer of Property Act, 1882, provides as “Sale” is a transfer of ownership in exchange for a price paid or promised or part paid and part-promised.
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.