NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION, NEW DELHI
C. Viswanath, Presiding Member
Baidyanath Mondal —Petitioner
versus
Kanahaya Lal Rathi and Ors. —Respondents
Revision Petition No.3286 of 2016
(Against the Order dated 19/07/2016 in Appeal No.463/2014 of the State Commission West Bengal)
Decided on 29.4.2022
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 —S.21(b)[Consumer Protection Act, 2019 – S. 58(1)(b)] -Revision against order of State Commission -Services -Stocks and Shares - Whether person dealing in Share market can be termed as a “Consumer” - On the question of maintainability, the State Commission dismissed the Complaint with the observation that the Complainant was not a “Consumer” as he was dealing in share market – A consumer is a person who buys goods or hires or avails of services for a consideration. The section, however, carves out an exception by providing that the person who purchases goods or hires/avails services for commercial purpose, shall not be included in the definition of Consumer. Explanation to Section 2 (1) (d), however, provides that if such services are availed exclusively for earning livelihood, he will be considered as a “Consumer.” It is not the case of the Complainant that he had invested the money in share market exclusively for earning his livelihood - Thus the Complainant is not a Consumer. The State Commission has passed a well-reasoned order. The Petitioner failed to point any illegality or material irregularity in the impugned order, warranting interference in the revisional jurisdiction. Revision Petition is dismissed. [Para 13 to 15].
Result: Petition dismissed.
ORDER
C. Viswanath, Presiding Member.—The present Revision Petition is filed by the Petitioner under Section 21(b) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 against Order passed by the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, West Bengal, Kolkata (hereinafter referred to as the “State Commission”) in Appeal No.463/2014 dated 19.07.2016 whereby the Appeal filed by the Complainant was dismissed.
2. The Revision Petition has been filed with a delay of 116 days. For the reasons stated in the application and in the interest of justice, the delay is condoned.
3. Case of the Complainant/Petitioner is that he purchased 2000 equity shares of Aravinda Remedies and 200 equity shares of Reliance Power Ltd. by making payment of Rs.13,700 and Rs.49,400/- respectively. The Opposite Party delivered 1000 shares of Aravinda Remedies instead of 2000 shares amounting to Rs.6,850/- leaving a refundable amount of Rs.6,850/-. Further, the Opposite Party delivered 200 shares of Reliance Power Ltd. amounting to Rs.47,440/- leaving a refundable amount of Rs.1,960/-. When the Complainant enquired about his Demat Account, he came to know that 200 shares of Reliance Power Ltd. were transferred to the account of Ureka Stock & Share Broking Services without intimation to the Complainant. The Opposite Party also did not make payment of Rs.27,480/- being the differential price of the shares which were credited to the Demat account of the Complainant. Aggrieved by non-refunding of the aforesaid amount by the Opposite Party, the Complainant filed Consumer Complaint No.72/2011 before the District Forum with the following prayer: -
“(a) To pay the claim for excess payment of Rs.6,850/-, Rs.1,960/- and differential amount of Rs.27,480/- alongwith interest @ 14% p.a. on profit/gains if invested the aforesaid amounts in the share market to wit till the final payment.
(b) to pay Rs.60,000/- as compensation for unfair trade practice U/S 2 (1) (c) (i). Deficiency of Service U/S 2 (1) (c) (ii), read with Sec 2 (1) (g), spurious service U/S 2 (1) (OO) and Deceptive Service U/S 2 (1) ® of the C.P. Act, 1986 and ibid, loss of profit/gains if the aforesaid amount invested in the share market for prolonged harassment, irreparable and inexplicable mental agony caused to the petitioner.
(c) To pay cost of litigation.”
4. The Opposite Party did not appear before the District Forum and the Complaint was partly allowed ex-parte, vide order dated 11.05.2012, with a direction to the Opposite Party to pay Rs.8,810/- to the Complainant, alongwith interest @ 9% p.a. from the date of institution of the case till realization.
5. Not satisfied with the order of the District Forum, the Complainant filed First Appeal No.463/2014 before the State Commission. The State Commission, vide order dated 08.02.2013, remanded the matter to the District Forum for deciding the Complaint afresh. In compliance of the order of the State Commission, the District Forum, vide order dated 28.01.2014, dismissed the Complaint as barred by limitation.
6. Aggrieved by the order of the District Forum, the Complainant filed First Appeal No.463/2014 before the State Commission. The State Commission, vide order dated 19.07.2016, dismissed the Appeal as not maintainable since the transactions involved in the case were commercial in nature.
7. The Complainant, thus, filed the instant Revision Petition with the following prayer: -
“1. Order to the Respondents/OPs to refund Rs.8810/- (Rs.6850/- and Rs.1960), the excess amounts paid by the complainant for purchase of 2000 shares of Arvind Remidies Ltd. and 200 shares of Reliance Power Ltd. respectively.
2. Order to the Respondents/OPs to refund Rs.27480/-, the difference of market value of 200 equity shares of Reliance Power Ltd. (Cost Rs.47440/- as per Bill No.16 dated 06/06/2008 and market value Rs.19960/- as on 04/02/2009 at the rate of Rs.99.80 per share as per NSE Web Page which was taken on 17/06/2009 by the Respondents/OPs and returned on 04/02/2009 after 232
Stocks and Shares - It is not the case of the Complainant that he had invested the money in share market exclusively for earning his livelihood, thus the Complainant is not a Consumer.
Investment for profit does not qualify as consumer protection under the Act.
Plot Buyers Agreement – Merely labelling brochure as an “investment proposal” or giving buyer option to resell plot does not by itself make the transaction commercial one.
The Court affirmed that disputes involving factual complexities and consumer definitions must be addressed through statutory remedies rather than writ jurisdiction.
National Commission - Powers of the National Commission are very limited.
The court affirmed that ownership transfer must occur before financial obligations arise, and established consumer rights based on livelihood motivations in property transactions.
No revision petition against the order passed in appeal filed under section 27-A of Act is maintainable before national commission.
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