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2022 Supreme(P&H) 421

IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH
Vikas Bahl, J.
Balram Garg – Appellant
Versus
State Of Haryana & Anr. – Respondents
CRM-M-49311-2021 (O&M)
Decided On : 08-04-2022

Advocates Appeared:
Mr. Manu K. Bhandari, Advocate, for the Appellant; Mr. Munish Sharma, AAG, Haryana. Mr. N.S. Shekhawat, Senior Advocate With Ms. Sukhpreet Kang, Advocate with Sahil Gupta, Advocate and Mr. Kushagra Beniwal, Advocate for complainant/respondent No.2, for the Respondent

Headnote:(A) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 482 - Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Section 420 - Quashing of FIR - This petition was filed to quash an FIR alleging cheating in a civil dispute regarding a lease agreement - The court found that the claims of the complainant were intertwined with the terms of the lease deed and led to a civil claim rather than a criminal one - The petitioner was not a signatory to the agreement, nor privy to the lease, which further substantiated this finding. (Paras 20, 21, 22 and 47)

(B) The FIR was registered after a considerable delay and primarily sought civil remedies through criminal proceedings, indicating mala fide intentions to extract money. (Paras 20, 24, 30, 39 and 45)

Facts of the case:
The FIR accused the petitioner of cheating regarding a commission from leased property as per a lease deed signed on April 1, 2019, which did not affirm guaranteed income as claimed by the complainant. The respondent alleged non-payment and excessive renovation costs.

Findings of Court:
The court found the allegations constituted a purely civil dispute and not a criminal one, suggesting arbitration as the proper course for resolution.

Issues: Whether the FIR constituted criminal cheating or was merely a civil matter improperly given criminal color.

Ratio Decidendi: The findings reaffirmed that civil disputes should not be converted into criminal complaints without just cause.

Result: The FIR quashed and proceedings against the petitioner set aside, allowing for civil remedies. (Paras 17, 20, 47)

Table of Content
1. background of the case regarding the fir. (Para 2)
2. arguments presented by the petitioner regarding the civil nature of the dispute. (Para 3 , 4 , 5 , 6)
3. observations on the chronology of events indicating civil dispute. (Para 14 , 15)
4. points emerging from the fir and arguments on civil vs criminal proceedings. (Para 20 , 21)
5. ratio decidendi regarding the nature of the dispute and quashing of fir. (Para 24)
6. final conclusion quashing the fir and proceedings. (Para 47)

JUDGMENT

Vikas Bahl, J. (Oral). - Present petition has been filed by accused no.1 under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred to as 'Cr.P.C.') for quashing of FIR bearing No.452 dated 14.11.2021, registered under Section 420 of the INDIAN PENAL CODE , 1860 (hereinafter referred to as 'IPC'), at Police Station Civil Lines, Sirsa, Haryana.

This judgment has been divided into the following sections: -

1.

Background/facts of the case

Para 2

Pg 2 to 5

2.

Arguments on behalf of the petitioner

Para 3 to 5

Pg 6 to 14

3.

Arguments on behalf of respondent No.2

Para 6 to 10

Pg 14 to 18

4.

Arguments on behalf of the petitioner in rebuttal to arguments of respondent no.2

Para 11

Pg 18

5.

Arguments on behalf of the State

Para 12

Pg 18 to 19

6.

Details of SLP filed by the Petitioner during the pendency of the present petition

Para 13

Pg 19 to 22

7.

Finding of this Court:

a) Chronological events demonstrating that a purely civil dispute is being sought to be given a criminal colour b) Summary of Factors emerging from the FIR/admitted documents d) Judgments in favour of the Petitioner e) Judgments cited by Respondent no. 2- Distinguished g) Conclusion/Relief

Para 14 to 47 Para 15 to 18

Para 19

Para 20 to 34 Para 43 to 46 Para 35 to 41 Para 47

Pg 22 to 112 Pg 22 to 54

Pg 55 to 60

Pg 60 to 88 Pg 103 to 111 Pg 88 to 103 Pg 111 to 112

Background of the Case:

2. The background of the case is that the above said FIR was registered on the complaint of respondent No.2-Poonam Gautam against five accused persons including the present petitioner, on the allegations that respondent No.2 had a wholesale Patanjli shop, number of which is DSS-50, HUDA Complex, old bus stand, near town park, Sirsa, District Sirsa and her business was running well when, accused No.1 had stated that M/s PC Jewellers had no showroom at Sirsa and in case, respondent No.2 were to act on their advice, then she will be able to earn more money than what she was earning from her old business and she will be able to earn a minimum of Rs.50,000 per month and in case, the respondent No.2 helps the company in selling the company items, then she would get commission of @ 2% on gold jewellery, 1% on coins and 5% on diamond and would earn an income of about Rs.4 to 5 lakhs per month from the said percentage commission. After the said assurance, respondent No.2 was informed that she would have to design her shop according to their architect Devender Gupta, for the purpose of sale of jewellery and she will have to pay fee to the said Devender Gupta. It is further alleged that the papers were received by the complainant- respondent No.2 from the said Devender Gupta and thereafter, she spent an amount of Rs.95,60,000/- in renovating her shop which included expenses on account of installation of false ceiling in the shop, wallpapers, lights/electrification expenses, high standard wooden furniture, toughened glass, looking mirror including fittings, 82 KV Generator set, one split AC, Somany company tiles, granite and marvel, high tech CCTV cameras, five computers with hardware, iron racks for the employees etc. It is further alleged that an amount of Rs.2,76,000/- was also paid to the architect Devender Gupta and that the entire work was done on the advice of the said architect, who was sent by the accused no.1. During the said period, respondent No.2 had shifted the Patanjli shop to the basement on which also a lot of money was spent and on account of the said shifting, there was loss of business. It is fu

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