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2000(2) JLJ 105
(FULL BENCH)
Dipak Misra, S.K. Kulshrestha and S.P. Khare, JJ.
Kunjulal Yadu v. Parasram Sharma
Civil Revn No. 1349 of 1996; Decided on 24.4.2000.
(2) Constitution of India -- Art. 14 -- a class within a class cannot be created to save it from being hit by equality clause enshrined under. 1995 JLJ 793 overruled. [Para 9
(3) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-J (i) -- special category of landlord -- ‘retired Government Servant‘ -- there are numerous justifications to keep him in different category.
There are numerous justifications to keep a retired Government Servant in a different category. A retired Government servant has passed the middle age and his mind as well as temperament is not suitable to tight a rigorous prolonged litigation before the common law forum. A retired Government servant may not he free from all the family liabilities at the time of his retirement. Instances are not rare where the children are not with him and he has to take the load on his own shoulder to hear the burden of a litigation. That apart the loneliness, meagre pension. and absence of perquisites are also to he taken note of. Quite apart from the above, it is not to be forgotten that he has served the State for a number of years and hence, the Legislature thought it appropriate to confer certain privilege on him by providing a forum to evict a tenant on the ground of bona tide requirement by taking recourse to a speedy measure. AIR 19RO SC 161 and AIR 19R4 SC 967 referred to. [ Para 9
(4) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- Ss. 23-A and 23-J -Government Servant -- does not become landlord after retirement only -subsistence of tenancy is also not sine qua non for seeking eviction at retiral stage. [Para 10
(5) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-A -- accommodation acquired by transfer -- landlord cannot file application for eviction before elapse of one year -- restriction is a qualifier. 1994 JLJ 19 approved. [ Para 10
(6) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- Ss. 23-A and 23-J -- every retired Government Servant -- is landlord within meaning or S. 23-J -- entitled to invoke special jurisdiction under S, 21-A. [ Para 11
(7) Interpretation of Statutes -- it is the duty of court of interpret what has been stated by Legislature -- Legislature does not mean something while saying something else. AIR 1997 SCJ 165 and AIR 1998 SC 74 followed. [Paras 11 & 12
(8) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-J -- term retired Government Servant‘ -- is capable of only one interpretation -- every retired Government Servant is landlord -- no qualitier needs be added. AIR 1987 SC 162 followed. 1985 JLJ 703 overruled. [Para 13
(9) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-A -- provisions under -- cannot be compared with the provision where immediate possession is given to landlord. 1995 Suppl. (3) SCC 185 distinguished. [Paras 16 & 17
(10) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-A -- eviction under -- landlord has to prove his bonafide need -- he cannot engage himself in buying and selling activities -- his conduct may be pointed out. AIR 1998 SC 1639 distinguished. [ Paras 18 & 21
(11) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- Ss. 23 -A, 23-J and 12 -- landlords of special category -- cannot be compelled to seek eviction only under S. 23-A -- they call at their choice avail remedy of eviction under S. 12. 1998 (1) JLJ 311 relied on. [Para 19
(12) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- Ss. 23-C and 23-A d`retired Government Servant filing eviction application -- premises acquired and tenant inducted after retirement -- leave to defend should be granted. [Para 23
(13) Accommodation Control Act, 1961 (M.P.) -- S. 23-J -- every retired Government servant is landlord -- premises acquired and tenant inducted after retirement -- immaterial. 1985 JLJ 793 overruled. 1994 JLJ 19 confirmed.
¼1½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d rFkk 23&¥ && ,d&lkFk] lqlaxr vkSj iz;kstuijd :i ls i<+h tk,xhA ¿ iSjk 9À
¼2½ Hkkjr dk lafo/kku && vuq- 14 && bl vuqPNsn esa izfr"Bkfir lerk [kaM ds vk?kkr ds cpus ds fy, oxZ ds Hkhrj oxZ l`ftr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 1985 ts ,y ts 793 myVk x;kA ¿ iSjk 9À
¼3½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&¥ ¼,d½ && Hkw&Lokeh dk fo‘ks"k laoxZ && *lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod* mls fo‘ks"k izoxZ esa j[ks tkus ds cgqla[; vkSfpR; gSA
lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod dks fHké izoxZ esa j[ks tkus ds cgqla[; vkSfpR; gSA lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod e/;o; ij dj pqdk gksrk gS vkSj mldk ekul rFkk LoHkko lkekU; U;k;ky; ds le{k dBksj yach eqdnesckth ds mi;qDr ugha gksrkA viuh lsokfuo`fÙk ljdkjh lsod dkSVqafcd nkf;Roksa ls eqDr ugha Hkh gks ldrkA ,sls mnkgj.k fojy ugha gS] tgk¡ mlds lkFk larkusa ugha gS vkSj eqdnesckth dk Hkkj mls vius da/kksa ij gh lgu djuk gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr] ,dkdhiu] LoYi isU‘ku vkSj iwokZis{kkvksa ds vHkko ij Hkh /;ku fn;k tkuk gksxkA mi;qZDr ls fcydqy vyx] ;g ugha Hkwyk tkuk gksxk fd mlds jkT; dh vusd o"kZ rd lsok dh gS vkSj blfy,] fo/kku&eaMy us xfroku mik; dk vkJ; ys dj okLrfod vko‘;drk ds vk/kkj ij vfHk/kkjh dh csn[kyh ds fy, U;k;ky; micaf/kr dj ds mldks lqfo/kk iznku djuk leqfpr le>kA , vkb vkj 1980 ,l lh 161 rFkk , vkb vkj 1984 ,l lh 967 fufnZ"VA
¿ iSjk 9À
¼4½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d rFkk 23&¥ && ljdkjh lsod && dsoy lsokfuo`fÙk ds mijkar dh Hkw&Lokeh ugha curk && lsokfuo`fÙk ds izØe ij csn[kyh dh bZIlk ds fy, vfHk/k`fr dk vfLrRo vfuok;Z ugha gSA ¿ iSjk 10À
¼5½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d LFkku] varj.k }kjk vftZr && Hkw&Lokeh csn[kyh ds fy, vkosnu ,d o"kZ dk volku gksus ds iwoZ Qkby ugha dj ldrk && fuoZ/ku fo‘ks"kd gSA 1994 ts ,y ts 19 vuqeksfnrA ¿ iSjk 10À
¼6½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d rFkk 23&¥ && izR;sd lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod && /kkjk 23&¥ ds vFkkZrxZr Hkw&Lokeh gS && /kkjk 23&d ds v/khu fo‘ks"k vf/kdkfjrk dk vkJ; ysus dk gdnkj gSA ¿ iSjk 11À
¼7½ fof/k dk fuoZpu && fo/kku&eaMy }kjk tks dgk x;k gS mldk fuoZpu djuk U;k;ky; dk drZO; gS && fo/kku&eaMy dk vk‘k;] dqN dgrs le; dqN nwljk ugha gksrkA , vkb vkj 1977 ,l lh 1165 rFkk , vkb vkj 1998 ,l lh 47 vuqlfjrA ¿ iSjk 11 ,oa 12À
¼8½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&¥ && in **lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod** dsoy ,d fuoZpu laHko gS && izR;sd lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod Hkw&Lokeh gS && dksbZ fo‘ks"kd tksM+k tkuk vko‘;d ughaA , vkb vkj 1987 ,l lh 162 vuqlfjrA 1985 ts ,y ts 793 myVk x;kA ¿ iSjk 13À
¼9½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d mica/k && ml mica/k ls rqyuk ugha dh tk ldrh ftlesa Hwk&Lokeh dks rRdky dCtk fn;k tk ldrk gSA 1955 lIyh- ¼3½ ,l lh lh 185 izHksfnrA ¿ iSjk 16 ,oa 17À
¼10½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d csn[kyh && Hkw&Lokeh }kjk viuh okLrfod vko‘;drk lkfcr dh tkuk gksxh && og _; vkSj foØ; dk O;olk; ugha dj ldrk && mldk vkpj.k fufnZ"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA , vkb vkj 1998 ,l lh 1639 izHksfnrA ¿ iSjk 18 ,oa 21À
¼11½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&d rFkk 23&¥ rFkk 12 && fo‘ks"k izoxZ ds Hkw&Lokeh && csn[kyh dh bZIlk dsoy /kkjk 23&d v/khu djus dks ck/; ugha fd, tk ldrs && os csn[kyh dk mipkj /kkjk 12 ds v/khu ialn dj ldrs gSA 1998 ¼1½ ts ,y ts 311 voyafcrA ¿ iSjk 19À
¼12½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&x rFkk 23&d && lsokfuo`Ùk ljdkjh lsod }kjk csn[kyh dk vkosnu Qkby fd;k tkuk && lsokfuo`fÙk ds i‘pkr~ ifjlj dk vtZu vkSj mlesa vfHk/kkjh j[kk tkuk && izfrokn dh btktr iznku dh tkuk pkfg,A ¿ iSjk 23À
¼13½ LFkku fu;a=.k vf/kfu;e] 1961 ¼e-iz-½ && /kkjk 23&¥ && izR;sd lsokfuo`fÙk ljdkjh lsod Hkw&Lokeh gS && lsokfuo`fÙk ds i‘pkr~ ifjlj dk vtZu vkSj vfHk/kkjh j[kk tkuk && egRoghu gSA 1985 ts ,y ts 793 myVk x;kA 1994 ts ,y ts 19 iq"VA ¿ iSjk 9À
Misra, J. -- Finding conflict between two Division Bench decisions rendered in the cases of Jhonson Bernard v. C.S. Naidu. 1985 JLJ 793 = 1985 MPLJ 675 and Jenendra Kumar v. Roshanlal. 1994 JLJ 19, the learned Single Judge made the following reference:
"Whether a retired Government servant, who acquires accommodation after his retirement and lets out the same to a tenant is entitled to invoke Section 23-A of the Act ?"
2. For the sake of convenience and clarity we would refer to the facts in Civil Revision No. 1 1349/96. The non-applicant/landlord, after his retirement from Government service made an application before the Rent Controlling Authority. Raipur on 16.3.1989 under Section 23-A(b) of the M.P. Accommodation Control Act. 1961 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act") seeking eviction of the tenant from shop No. 2 situated at Satti Bazar. Raipur. for commencing a business on the ground, that no suitable accommodation was available to him for the said purpose. leave to defend the case was granted to the tenant under Section 23(C) of the Act. The Rent Controlling Authority passed an order of ejectment by recording certain findings. Before the learned Single Judge. it was contended that the landlord had retired from the Government service in the year 1990 and thereafter constructed the accommodation in question and let out the same and hence. he does not fall within the specified category of landlord as defined under Section 23-J of the Act. In this context when two Division Bench decisions were cited. the learned Single Judge thought it apposite to recommend a reference to a Larger Bench. That is how the matter has been placed before us.
3. The core question that arises for consideration is whether a retired Government servant is entitled to invoke the provision enshrined under Section 23-A of the Act. if he acquires an accommodation after his retirement and lets out the same to a tenant. In this context, we feel it imperative to refer to Section 23-A of the Act. It reads as under:
"23-A. Special provision for eviction or tenant on ground or bona fide requirement. -- .
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force or contract to the contrary, a landlord may submit an application, signed and verified in a manner provided in rules 14 and 15 of Order VI of the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure. 1908 (V of 1908) as if it were a plaint to the Rent Controlling Authority on one or mere of the following grounds for an order directing the tenant to put the landlord in possession of the accommodation. namely:
(a) that the accommodation let for residential purposes is required "bona tide" by the landlord for occupation as residence for himself or for any member of his family or for any person for whose benefit, the accommodation is held and that the landlord or such person has no other reasonably suitable residential accommodation of his own in his occupation in the city or town concerned.
Explanation:
Far the purpose of this clause, "accommodation let for residential purposes" includes --
(i) any accommodation which having been let for use as a residence is without the express consent of the landlord, used wholly or partly for any non-residential purpose:
(ii) any accommodation which has not been let under an express provision of contract for non-residential purposes:
(b) that the accommodation let for non-residential purposes is required "bona fide" by the landlord for the purpose of continuing or starting his business or that of any of his major sons or unmarried daughters. if he is the owner thereof or for any person for whose benefit the accommodation is held and that the landlord or such person has no other reasonably suitable non-residential accommodation of his own in his occupation in the city or town concerned:
Provided that where a person who is a landlord has acquired any accommodation or any interest therein by transfer, no application for eviction of tenant of such accommodation sh
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