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2024 Supreme(SC) 1033

B. R. GAVAI, K. V. VISWANATHAN
In Re: Directions in the matter of Demolition of Structures – Appellant
Versus
. – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the parties Mr. Nachiketa Joshi, Sr. Adv. (A.C) Ms. Karishma Rajput, Adv. Mr. Alabhya Dhamija, Adv. Mr. Shreevardhan Dhoot,Adv. Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. K.M. Nataraj, A.S.G. Ms. Garima Prashad, Sr. A.A.G. Ms. Ruchira Goel, AOR Mr. Kanu Agarwal, Adv. Ms. Indira Bhakar, Adv. Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. Shiv Mangal Sharma, A.A.G. Mr. Saurabh Rajpal, Adv. Mr. Amogh Bansal, Adv. Ms. Shalini Singh, Adv. Ms. Nidhi Jaswal, AOR Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. K M Nataraj, A.S.G. Mr. Kanu Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Rajat Nair, Adv. Mr. Sanjay Kumar Tyagi, Adv. Mr. Amit Sharma B, Adv. Mr. Mayank Pandey, Adv. Mr. Varun Chugh, Adv. Mr. Arvind Kumar Sharma, AOR Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Mr. K M Nataraj, A.S.G. Mr. Mukesh Kumar Maroria, AOR Mr. Rajat Nair, Adv. Mr. A D N Rao, Adv. Ms. Ankita Choudhary Rathi, Adv. Mr. Vinayak Sharma, Adv. Mr. Shiv Mangal Sharma, Adv. Mr. M.R. Shamshad,Sr.Adv. Mr. Farrukh Rasheed,AOR Mr. Arijit Sarkar,Adv. Ms. Z. Hasan,Adv. Mr. Salman Khurshid, Sr. Adv. Mr. Aftab Ali Khan, AOR Mr. Abdul Karim Ansari, Adv. Mr. Brahmjeet Singh, Adv. Ms. Azra Rehman, Adv. Mr. M. Z. Chaudhary, Adv. Mr. Ali Safeer Farooqi, Adv. Ms. Sidra Khan, Adv. Mr. Tanveer Ahmad Khan,Adv. Mr. Tauqeer Ahmad Khan,Adv. Ms. Seema,Adv. Mrs. Kumudini Priyadarshni,Adv. Mr. Saurabh Mishra, Sr. Adv. Mr. Bharat Singh, A.A.G. Mr. D.s. Parmar, A.A.G. Mr. Sarad Kumar Singhania, AOR Ms. Rashmi Singhania, Adv. Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi,Sr.Adv. Mr. Sarim Naved,Adv. Mr. Saurabh Sagar,Adv. Mr. Shahid Nadeem,Adv. Mr. Arif Ali,Adv. Mr. Mujahid Ahmed,Adv. Mr. Wasif Rehman,Adv. Ms. Sugandha Anand , AOR Mr. C.U. Singh, Sr. Adv. Mr. Ujjwal Singh, AOR Ms. Tasmiya Taleha, Adv. Ms. Bidya Mohanty, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Kalaiyarasan, Adv. Ms. Katyayani Suhrud, Adv. Mr. Sanjay Hegde,Sr.Adv. Mr. Anas Tanwir, AOR Ebad Ur Rahman,Adv. Mr. Masoom Raj Singh,Adv. Mr. Mohammad Asif Abbas,Adv. Mr. Zaid Raza,Adv. Mr. Zainab Shaikh,Adv. Mr. Raghav Gupta,Adv. Mr. Mayank Suryan,Adv. Mr. Ankit Tiwari,Adv. Ms. Pinky Behera, AOR Mr. Aslam Ahmed Jamal, AOR Ms. Shabiesta Nabi, Adv. Mr. Raees Ahmad, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Dwivedi, Adv. Mr. Zeeshan Haider, Adv. Mr. Satyapal Singh, Adv. Mr. Arun Kumar Arunachal, Adv. Mr. Kailashi Uday Kapoor, Adv. Mr. Rohit Jain, Adv. Mr. Mohd Ashaab, Adv. Mr. Lzafeer Ahmad B. F., AOR Mr. Rakesh Dahiya, AOR Mr. Prashant Bhushan, AOR Mr. Anurag Tiwary, Adv. Ms. Cheryl D'Souza, Adv. Mr. Praveen Swarup,Adv. Mr. Devesh Maurya,Adv. Mr. Ameet Singh,Adv. Mr. Ravi Kumar,Adv. Mr. Praveen Swarup, AOR Ms. Deepanwita Priyanka, AOR Mr. Arvind Kumar Sharma, AOR Ms. Vrinda Grover, Adv. Mr. Soutik Banerjee, Adv. Ms. Devika Tulsiani, Adv. Mr. Aakarsh Kamra, AOR Ms. Fauzia Shakil, AOR Mr. M.huzaifa, Adv. Ms. Tasmiya Taleha, Adv. Mr. Dev Sareen,Adv. Mr. Shivansh Saxena,Adv. Mr. Mukesh Kumar Maroria, AOR

Judgement Key Points

This paragraph indicates that the Supreme Court has not finally disposed of the batch of writ petitions (Writ Petition (Civil) Nos. 295 and 328 of 2022, and Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 162 of 2022). Instead, the Court has issued binding guidelines under Article 142 to regulate demolitions of properties (particularly those linked to accused persons or unauthorized structures), directed circulation of the judgment to all States/UTs and High Courts, and required State Governments to notify District Magistrates and local authorities accordingly (!) (!) . The matter is adjourned for listing after four weeks, likely to assess compliance, receive reports on implementation (e.g., issuance of circulars, designation of nodal officers/digital portals), or consider any further submissions/applications (!) (!) (!) (!) . This keeps the supervisory jurisdiction active, ensuring the guidelines are enforced pan-India without immediate closure (!) (!) (!) . Parties may file interim applications or compliance affidavits in the interim. (!)


JUDGMENT :

B.R. GAVAI, J.

INDEX

I.

BACKGROUND

II.

RULE OF LAW

III.

SEPARATION OF POWERS

IV.

DOCTRINE OF PUBLIC TRUST AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY

V.

RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION

VI.

PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW: PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AND NATURAL JUSTICE

VII.

RIGHT TO SHELTER

VIII.

PERMISSIBILITY OF THE COLLECTIVE PUNISHMENT

IX.

DIRECTIONS

^^viuk ?kj gks] viuk vkaxu gks]
bl [okc esa gj dksbZ thrk gSA
balku ds fny dh ;s pkgr gS]
fd ,d ?kj dk liuk dHkh u NwVsA**

(To have one’s own home, one’s own courtyard - this dream lives in every heart. It’s a longing that never fades, to never lose the dream of a home.)

This is how the importance of shelter has been described by a famous Hindi poet ‘Pradeep’.

It is a dream of every person, every family to have a shelter above their heads. A house is an embodiment of the collective hopes of a family or individuals’ stability and security.

An important question as to whether the executive should be permitted to take away the shelter of a family or families as a measure for infliction of penalty on a person who is accused in a crime under our constitutional scheme or not arises for consideration.

Before we proceed with our judgment, we may gainfully refer to the

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