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2024 Supreme(SC) 994

D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, HRISHIKESH ROY, PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, PANKAJ MITHAL, MANOJ MISRA
Bajaj Alliance General Insurance Co. Ltd. – Appellant
Versus
Rambha Devi – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Mr. Tushar Mehta, Solicitor General Ms. Archana Pathak Dave, Sr. Adv. Ms. Ankita Chaudhary, AOR Mr. Vaibhav Dwivedi, Adv. Mr. Avnish Dave, Adv. Mr. Parmod Kumar Vishnoi, Adv. Mr. Raghav Sharma, Adv. Mr. Shreyas Balaji, Adv. Mr. Kumar Prashant, Adv. Ms. Vidhi Pankaj Thakar, Adv. Ms. Harshita Choubey, Adv. Mr. Prastut Mahesh Dalvi, Adv. Ms. Harshita Chaubey, Adv. Ms. Muskaan, Adv. Mr. Aadhar Saha, Adv. Mr. Ashutosh Ghade, AOR Ms. Sakshi Mittal, AOR Mr. Parijat Kishore, AOR Mr. Amit Kumar Singh, AOR Ms. K Enatoli Sema, Adv. Ms. Chubalemla Chang, Adv. Mr. Prang Newmai, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Gola, Adv. Mr. Viresh B. Saharya, AOR Mr. P.K. Seth, Adv. Ms. Manjeet Chawla, AOR Mrs. Usha Pant Kukreti, Adv. Ms. Meenakshi Midha, Adv. Garv Singh, Adv. Mr. Aditya Parashar, Adv. Ms. Samiksha Gupta, Adv. Mr. Chander Shekhar Ashri, AOR Ms. Hetu Arora Sethi, AOR Mr. Rajeev Maheshwaranand Roy, AOR Dr. Meera Agarwal, AOR Mr. Anil Kumar, AOR Mr. Sandeep Jha, Adv. Mr. Ram Ekbal Roy, Adv. Ms. Priyanka Das Das, Adv. Ms. Neha Das, Adv. Mr. Aman Nihal, Adv. Mr. Sanjay Kumar Lal Das, Adv. Mr. Ravi Shankar Ravi, Adv. Mr. Binay Kumar Das, AOR Mr. Shakeel Ahmed, AOR Mr. Rizwan Ahmad, Adv. Mr. Paras Nath Singh, Adv. Ms. Pratibha Singh, Adv. Mr. Vikramjeet Singh Ranga, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Kumar Gola, Adv. Mr. Ramneek Singh, Adv. Mr. Roop Chaudhary, Adv. Ms. Savita, Adv. Mr. Sudhir Naagar, AOR Ms. Amrreeta Swaarup, AOR Mr. Rajesh Kumar Gupta, AOR Mr. Manjunath Meled, Adv. Mr. Sandeep Sharma, Adv. Mrs. Vijayalaxmi Udapudi, Adv. Mr. Ganesh Kumar R., AOR Mr. Jayant Bhushan, Sr. Adv. Mr. Sukant Vikram, AOR Mr. Tushar Bhushan, Adv. Mr. Amartya Bhushan, Adv. Mr. Yojit Mehra, Adv. Mr. Sanjay Kumar Dubey, Adv. Mr. Shuchi Singh, AOR Ms. Shuchi Singh, Adv. Mr. Rakesh Kumar Tewari, Adv. Mr. Vivek Kumar Pandey, Adv. Mr. Ujjwal Kumar Dubey, Adv. Mr. Jainendra Kumar, Adv. Mr. Krishna Kant Dubey, Adv. Mr. Devendra Kumar Mishra, Adv. Mr. Aman Kumar, Adv. Mr. Yasharth Kant, AOR Ms. Tanvi Saran, Adv. Mr. Suryaansh Kishan Razdan, Adv. Ms. Sonal Kushwah, Adv. Mr. Jagdish Chandra, Adv. Ms. Aishwarya Sinha, Adv. Mr. Niteen Kumar Sinha, AOR Mr. Ram Lal Roy, AOR
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Neeraj Kishan Kaul, Sr. Adv. Mr. Punit Damodar, Adv. Mr. C. George Thomas, AOR Mr. Sanyat Lodha, Adv. Mr. Dhruv Sharma, Adv. Ms. Raveena Kinkhabwala, Adv. Mr. Raghav Agarwal, Adv. Ms. Anitha Shenoy, Sr. Adv. Mr. Siddharth Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Vivek Mathur, Adv. Mr. Ivan, Adv. Ms. Ayushma Awasthi, Adv. Ms. Mohini Priya, AOR Mr. Devvrat, AOR Mr. Devesh Kumar Agnihotri, Adv. Ms. Harshita Sharma, Adv. Ms. Swati Setia, Adv. Mr. Nitin Jain, Adv. Mr. Abhijit Banerjee, Adv. Ms. Charu Sangwan, Adv. Mr. Kaustubh Shukla, AOR Mr. Lakshmeesh S. Kamath, Adv. Mr. Ankur Kashyap, Adv. Mr. Rahul Shyam Bhandari, Adv. Mr. Konark Tyagi, Adv. Mr. Parijat Kishore, Adv. Mr. Sanket Vashistha, Adv. Mr. Anuj Bhandari, AOR Mr. Rajat Gupta, Adv. Mr. Gaurav Jain, Adv. Mrs. Disha Bhandari, Adv. Mr. Salil Paul, Adv. Mr. Sahil Paul, Adv. Ms. Manjeet Chawla, AOR Mr. Sandeep Dayal, Adv. Ms. Kanupriya Mehta, Adv. Mr. Abhishek Gola, Adv. Mr. Viresh B. Saharya, AOR Mr. Anilendra Pandey, AOR Ms. Priya Kashyap, Adv. Mr. Rajeev Kumar Ranjan, Adv. Mr. Kamlesh Vaswani, Adv. Mr. Nadeem Hussain, Adv. Mr. Brijesh Pandey, Adv. Mr. Umakant Misra, Adv. Mrs. Prabhati Nayak, Adv. Mr. Debabrata Dash, Adv. Ms. Apoorva Sharma, Adv. Mr. Niranjan Sahu, AOR Mr. Mallikarjun S. Mylar, Adv. Mr. Ashok Bannidinni, AOR Ms. Betsara Mylliemngap, Adv. Mr. Rudramuni Swamy, Adv. Ms. Shalini Kaul, AOR Mr. Pushpinder Singh, Adv. Mr. Kumar Kartikay, Adv. Ms. Anurag Rana, Adv. Ms. Viddusshi, Adv. Mr. Gajender Singh, Adv. Ms. Anmol Sharma, Adv. Mr. Dharmendar Singh, Adv. Ms. Shilpa Singh, AOR Mr. Nishanth Patil, AOR Mr. Pahlad Singh Sharma, AOR Mr. Anil Kumar, AOR Mr. Anand Sanjay M Nuli, Sr. Adv. Mr. Dharam Singh, Adv. Mr. Suraj Kaushik, Adv. Mr. Nanda Kumar K B, Adv. Mr. Agam Sharma, Adv. Ms. Akhila Wali, Adv. Mr. Akash S Kukreja, Adv. M/S. Nuli & Nuli, AOR Mr. Manjunath Meled, Adv. Mr. Sandeep Sharma, Adv. Mrs. Vijayalaxmi Udapudi, Adv. Mr. Ganesh Kumar R., AOR Mr. Subhro Sanyal, AOR Mr. Shivam Singh, Adv. Mr. Manish Kumar, Adv. Mr. Ishwar Singh, Adv. Ms. Bahuli Sharma, Adv. Mr. Shubham Janghu, Adv. Mr. Suyash Vyas, Adv. Mr. Divyansh Mishra, Adv. Mr. Rajiv Singh, Adv. Mr. Yoshit Jain, Adv. Mr. Ravi Shanker Jha, Adv. Mr. Gopal Singh, AOR Mr. Prakash Ranjan Nayak, AOR Mr. C.B. Gururaj, Adv. Mr. Debasis Jena, Adv. Mr. Animesh Dubey, Adv. Mr. Apoorv Nautiyal, Adv. Mr. Sharanagouda Patil, Adv. Mrs. Supreeta Patil, Adv. Mr. Jyotish Pandey, Adv. Mr. Vinod Kumar Srivastava, Adv. M/S. S-legal Associates, AOR Mr. Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, AOR Ms. Fauzia Shakil, AOR Mr. Ujjwal Singh, Adv.

Judgement Key Points

Certainly. Based on the provided legal document, the key points are as follows:

  1. A driver holding a license for Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) under Section 10(2)(d), which pertains to vehicles with a gross vehicle weight under 7,500 kg, is permitted to operate a ‘Transport Vehicle’ without requiring a separate endorsement under Section 10(2)(e) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. For licensing purposes, LMVs and Transport Vehicles are not entirely distinct categories; there exists an overlap, and the licensing regime is designed to be cohesive (!) (!) .

  2. The second part of Section 3(1), which emphasizes the necessity of a specific license to drive a ‘Transport Vehicle’, does not override the definition of LMV provided in Section 2(21). This means that holding an LMV license inherently includes the capacity to operate certain Transport Vehicles within the weight limit of 7,500 kg, without additional licensing requirements (!) (!) .

  3. Additional eligibility criteria and requirements specified in the MV Act and MV Rules for operating ‘Transport Vehicles’ generally apply only to vehicles exceeding 7,500 kg gross vehicle weight. These include provisions for medium and heavy vehicles, which necessitate specific qualifications, endorsements, or conditions (!) (!) .

  4. The decision that a license for LMV suffices for driving Transport Vehicles below the 7,500 kg threshold is upheld. The earlier interpretation that required separate endorsements or licenses for Transport Vehicles within this weight limit is considered overly restrictive and not aligned with the legislative intent (!) (!) .

  5. The interpretation in the referenced judgment is not considered per incuriam. The judgment appropriately considers the relevant provisions of the MV Act and MV Rules, and any omissions do not amount to a fundamental flaw that would invalidate the decision (!) (!) .

  6. The overarching legislative scheme aims to balance road safety with the practical needs of drivers and vehicle operators. The licensing regime is designed to be flexible enough to accommodate vehicles within the weight limit of 7,500 kg under a single LMV license, provided the driver meets the general requirements of competence and fitness (!) (!) .

  7. The broader objectives of the MV Act include ensuring road safety and providing timely compensation to accident victims. The interpretation that allows LMV license holders to operate Transport Vehicles below 7,500 kg supports these objectives by maintaining a practical and coherent licensing framework (!) (!) .

  8. The legislative amendments and rules have evolved to simplify licensing procedures and clarify classifications, but they do not intend to create a rigid separation between LMV and Transport Vehicles within the specified weight limit. The focus remains on the vehicle’s weight and the driver’s competence, rather than requiring separate endorsements for every vehicle category below the threshold (!) (!) .

  9. The legal framework recognizes that the core driving skills are generally universal across vehicle types within the same weight class, and additional requirements or endorsements are primarily aimed at vehicles exceeding the 7,500 kg limit or involving specific safety concerns (!) (!) .

  10. The decision emphasizes that the legislative intent is to prevent unnecessary restrictions that could hinder livelihood and operational efficiency, provided safety standards are maintained. The interpretation aligns with the overarching purpose of the MV Act to facilitate safe and lawful transportation while ensuring protection of public interests (!) (!) .

In summary, the legal principles extracted from the document support the view that a license for Light Motor Vehicle, within the specified weight limit, inherently permits the driver to operate Transport Vehicles of similar weight without requiring additional endorsements, and this interpretation aligns with the legislative intent and the broader objectives of the MV Act.


JUDGMENT :

Hrishikesh Roy, J.

Title

A. Background

B. Submissions on behalf of Insurance Companies

C. Submissions on behalf of Claimants

D. Issues

E. Discussion

(I) The Purpose of MV Act

(II) Brief Overview of MV Act & MV Rules

(III) Construing Section 2(21), 3 & 10 of MV Act

(IV) Whether the interpretation in Mukund Dewangan(2017) renders most provisions of the MV Act & MV Rules otiose?

(a) Harmonious Construction

(b) Interpretation must not lead to impractical outcomes

(V) Discussion on the 8 Conflicting judgments

(VI) Is Mukund Dewangan(2017) per incuriam?

F. Impact on Road Safety

G. Conclusion

1. On the perception of the capability of drivers on the road, the comedian George Carlin made the humorous observation to the effect that: ‘Have you ever noticed that anybody driving slower than you is an idiot, and anyone going faster than you is a maniac?’1[George Carlin, ‘Carlin on Campus’ (HBO, 1984) accessed 2 November 2024]. Concerns about road safety are often shaped by individual biases without the opinion being founded on any empirical data. It is easy to overloo

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