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2026 Supreme(SC) 502

PANKAJ MITHAL, S. V. N. BHATTI
Sunil Kumar Yadav – Appellant
Versus
State of Jharkhand – Respondent


Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants : Mr. Colin Gonsalves, Sr. Adv. Ms. Tanya Agarwal, Adv. Mr. Krishna Kumar Keshav, Adv. Mrs. Shubhangi Tuli, AOR Mr. Anilendra Pandey, AOR Mr. Rajeev Kumar Ranjan, Adv. Mr. Ashutosh Gupta, Adv. Mr. Kamlesh Upadhyay, Adv. Ms. Aarati Sah, Adv. Mr. Animesh Shukla, Adv. Mr. Narendra Kumar, Adv. Mr. Santosh Kumar Vishwakarma, Adv. Mr. Santosh Kumar Pandey, AOR Mr. Colin Gonsalves, Sr. Adv. Ms. Tanya Agarwal, AOR Mr. Krishna Kumar Keshav, Adv. Mr. Sandeep Jha, Adv. Mr. Ram Ekbal Roy, Adv. Mr. Binay Kumar Das, AOR Mr. Rajiv Ranjan Dwivedi, AOR Mr. Prashant Bhushan, AOR Ms. Alice Raj, Adv. Mr. Rahul Gupta, Adv. Mr. Gopal Sankaranarayanan, Sr. Adv. Dr. Rajiv Nanda, Sr. Adv. Mr. Brajesh Pandey, Adv. Mr. Shashank Ratnoo, Adv. Mr. Shantanu Lakhotia, Adv. Mr. Divyaveer Singh, Adv. Mr. Kanchan Kumar Jha, Adv. Ms. Divya Negi, Adv. M/s. Brajesh Pandey & Associates, AOR
For the Respondents: Mr. Arunab Choudhary, Sr. A.A.G. Mr. Vishnu Sharma, Adv. Ms. Madhusmita Bora, AOR Mr. Pawan Kishore Singh, Adv. Ms. Pavithra V., Adv. Mr. Krishna Murari, Adv. Mr. Satya Mitra, AOR Mr. Gurmeet Singh Makker, AOR Mr. Raj Bahadur Yadav, AOR Mr. Satyajeet Kumar, AOR Mr. Goutam Prasad, Adv. Ms. Priyanka, Adv. Mr. Colin Gonsalves, Sr. Adv. Ms. Tanya Agarwal, AOR Mr. Krishna Kumar Keshav, Adv.

Table of Content
1. ssa engages contractual para-teachers for rte implementation. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5)
2. para-teachers claim regularisation by seniority and tet. (Para 6 , 10)
3. contractual engagement confers no regularisation right. (Para 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 16)
4. hc rejects regularisation of scheme para-teachers. (Para 8 , 17)
5. umadevi bars court-mandated irregular appointment regularisation. (Para 14 , 15)
6. statutory rules reserve 50% vacancies for para-teachers. (Para 18 , 19)
7. equal pay requires identical duties and responsibilities. (Para 20)
8. direct timely 50% quota recruitment for para-teachers. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24)
9. prioritise statutory process over blanket regularisation. (Para 25 , 26)

JUDGMENT :

S.V.N. BHATTI, J.

1. Leave granted.

2. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (“SSA”) is a flagship programmatic intervention by the Government of India, operationalised in partnership with State Governments, to achieve the universalisation of Elementary Education in India. Its jurisprudential foundation is anchored in the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 45 of the Constitution of India and, subsequently, the Fundamental Right guaranteed under Article 21A1 [Inserted

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