R. K. BAG, J.

1. The first petitioner of W.P. No.33258(W) of 2013 is a registered association of M. R. Dealers in West Bengal. The first petitioner of W.P. 35302(W) of 2013 is a registered association of Fair Price Shop Owners of urban areas of West Bengal. The first petitioner of W.P.1132 of 2016 is a registered association of M. R. Distributors of West Bengal. The petitioners of W.P. 33258(W) of 2013 and the petitioners of W.P. 1132 of 2016 have challenged the legality and validity of West Bengal Public Distribution System (Maintenance and Control) Order, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as “State Control Order of 2013”), whereas the petitioners of W.P. 35302(W) of 2013 have challenged the legality and validity of West Bengal Urban Public Distribution System (Maintenance and Control) Order, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as “State Urban Control Order of 2013”). The petitioners are, thus, representing the subsisting dealers and distributors who are carrying on business under the provisions of the impugned State Control Orders of 2013. The common question involved in these three writ petitions is the vires of the impugned State Control Orders of 2013.

2. The Parliament enacted