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2023 Supreme(Gau) 791

IN THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
LANUSUNGKUM JAMIR, KARDAK ETE, JJ.
Mr. Mukul Deka - Appellant
Versus
The State of Assam – Respondent
Crl.App.317 of 2017
Decided on : 28-07-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant : N.N.B. Choudhury
For the Respondent: S. Jahan, Additional Public Prosecutor, Assam

Headnote:(A) Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 341, 302, and 34 - Criminal appeal against conviction for murder - Convicts sentenced to life imprisonment and fines - Principle of benefit of doubt applied due to lapses in investigation - Absence of corroborative evidence, unexhibited knives, no eyewitness testimony, and significant contradictions in witness statements led to conclusion that the prosecution failed to prove the charge beyond a reasonable doubt. (Paras 63, 64, 68)

Facts of the case:
The appellant was convicted for the murder of Kushal Deka based on circumstantial evidence and witness testimonies, notably that of the deceased's wife who claimed to identify the assailants. However, there were discrepancies about the distance between the scene of crime and the wife’s house, the timing of the FIR, and the absence of clear corroboration regarding the circumstances of the murder.

Findings of Court:
The court reversed the trial court's conviction, stating that the prosecution failed to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt due to poor investigation and weaknesses in witness evidence.

Issues: Whether the investigative lapses and the absence of clear corroborative evidence could impact the conviction.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the prosecution's failure to corroborate witness credibility and the lack of physical evidence contributed to the uncertainty surrounding the assailants' identities, leading to the decision to grant the benefit of doubt to the appellant.

Result: Conviction set aside; appellant acquitted.

Table of Content
1. background of the criminal case. (Para 2 , 4 , 5)
2. arguments against the prosecution's evidence and inconsistencies. (Para 8 , 9 , 10)
3. allegations of uncorroborated hearsay evidence. (Para 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16)
4. issues with witness reliability and investigative lapses. (Para 17 , 18 , 19 , 20)
5. judicial observations on procedural importance. (Para 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25)
6. state's position and arguments in defense. (Para 26 , 27 , 28)
7. supportive arguments from state's perspective. (Para 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33)
8. findings and reasoning behind the trial court's conviction. (Para 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53)
9. court's analysis and consider laws guiding evidence. (Para 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58)
10. final verdict and acquittal of the appellant. (Para 69 , 70)

JUDGMENT :

Kardak Ete, J.

Heard Mr. N.N.B. Choudhury, learned counsel representing the appellant. Also heard Ms. S. Jahan, learned Additional Public Prosecutor appearing for the State of Assam. Ms. Hira Baruah Barman was appointed as legal aid counsel for the respondent No. 2 vide order dated 02.09.2021. However, the learned legal aid counsel is absent.

2. This Criminal Appeal has been preferred by the appellant against the judgment and order dated 07.06.2017 passed by the Court of Sessions Judge, Barpeta, Assam in Sessions Case No. 296/2012, whereby the convicts, Shri Mukul Deka and Shri Dipankar Deka have been convicted under Section 34 1 /302/34 IPC, 1860 and sentenced to undergo Life Imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-(Rupees Ten Thousand) each, in default to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for another 6 (six) months each for the offence under Section 302 /34, IPC and to undergo Simple Imprisonment for 1 (one) month each for the offence under Section 34 1 /34 IPC.

3. Be it noted that conviction and sentence of Mr. Dipankar Deka was set aside by the Coordinate Bench of this Court vide Judgment and Order dated 06.02.2020 on the ground that the appellant/convict, Mr. Dipankar Deka was juvenile on the date of commission of the offence and the matter has been remanded to the Juvenile Justice Board to proceed in accordance with law.

4. The case of the prosecution, in brief, is that on 27.07.2008 at about 8:50 PM, while Kushal Deka was returning from Sarthebari market, near Fire Brigade Office suddenly the informant, Smt. Guna Bala Deka heard a sound “Mok namaribi, mok namaribi’”. Hearing the shouting she rushed to the place of occurrence and saw the two accused, Mukul Deka and Dipankar Deka stabbed Kushal Deka on his neck by a sharp cutting weapon restraining him on the road. Seeing her, both the accused persons fled away from the place of occurrence and Kushal Deka died on the spot. Accordingly, wife of the deceased, Smt. Guna Bala Deka lodged an FIR at Sarthebari Police Station on 28.07.2008. An FIR was registered being Sartherbari PS Case No. 111/2008 under Section 34 1 /302/34 IPC, 1860. On completion of the investigation, the police submitted a Charge-sheet against Shri Mukul Deka and Shri Dipankar Deka under Section 34 1 /302/34 IPC on 08.07.2015.

5. The Judicial magistrate First Class, Barpeta committed the case to the Court of Sessions. Charges were framed against the accused persons under Section 34 1 /302/34 IPC. The convicts/accused persons pleaded not guilty and claimed for trial.

6. During the course of trial, the prosecution has examined in all 9 (nine) witnesses including the Investigating Officer. The convicts/accused persons were examined under Section 313 of CrPC. The defence plea is total denial and the accused persons declined to adduce evidence.

7. The Court of Sessions Judge, Barpeta after examination of the deposition and materials available on record, convicted the accused persons/convicts vide judgment and order dated 07.06.2017 under Section 314/302/34 IPC, 1860 and sentenced them to undergo Life Imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 10,000/-(Rupees Ten Thousand) each in default to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment for another

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