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2023 Supreme(Ori) 214

IN THE HIGH COURT OF ORISSA
A.C. Behera, J.
Gandharba Pradhan & Ors. - Appellants
Versus
Bishnu Charan Pradhan & Ors. - Respondents
R.S.A. No. 310 of 2014
Decided On : 21-12-2023

Advocates:
Mr. B.Ch. Panda, M. Dash and Debsis Nanda, Advocate, for the Appellant; Mr. N.K. Sahu, B.S. Swain and Pranaya Swain, Advocate, for the Respondent.

IMPORTANT POINT
For a property to be considered an undivided dwelling house under Section 44 of the T.P. Act, 1882, it must be physically connected and necessary for the enjoyment of the dwelling, which was not established in this case.

Headnote:

INJUNCTION - PERMANENT INJUNCTION UNDER T.P. ACT - Section 44 of the T.P. Act, 1882 - The court discussed Section 44 of the T.P. Act, 1882, which pertains to the rights of co-owners in undivided properties, particularly in the context of a dwelling house. The court interpreted that for a property to be considered an undivided dwelling house, it must be physically connected and necessary for the enjoyment of the dwelling. The court found that the disputed property was not part of the plaintiffs' dwelling house, as it was separated by other plots and had no existing structures. This interpretation influenced the court's decision to dismiss the plaintiffs' claim for a permanent injunction against the defendants.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiffs filed a suit for permanent injunction against the defendants, claiming that the disputed property was part of their undivided homestead and essential for their family use. The defendants, having purchased a share of the property from a co-owner, contested the suit, asserting that the property was not part of the plaintiffs' dwelling house and that they had the right to possess it.

Finding of the Court:

The trial court and the 1st appellate court found in favor of the defendants, concluding that the disputed property was not an undivided dwelling house of the plaintiffs and that the plaintiffs had not established their claim of necessity for the property. The courts noted the physical separation of the properties and the lack of any structures on the disputed land.

Issues: 1. Whether the suit is maintainable? 2. Whether there was any cause of action to bring the suit? 3. Whether the disputed property is the undivided dwelling house area? 4. Whether the defendants are strangers to the family of the plaintiffs? 5. Whether the plaintiffs are entitled to the reliefs as sought for?

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the provisions of Section 44 of the T.P. Act, 1882 were not applicable as the disputed property was not part of the undivided dwelling house of the plaintiffs. The court emphasized that the physical separation of the properties and the absence of any structures on the disputed land negated the plaintiffs' claims.

Final Decision: The 2nd appeal filed by the plaintiffs was dismissed, confirming the judgments of the trial court and the 1st appellate court, which had ruled against the plaintiffs.

JUDGMENT

A.C. Behera, J.

This 2nd appeal has been preferred against the confirming judgment.

2. The appellants and respondents of this 2nd appeal were the plaintiffs and the defendants in the suit vide T.S. No.192 of 2002 and they were the appellants and respondents respectively in the 1st appeal vide T.A. No.73 of 2007.

The suit of the plaintiffs(appellants) vide T.S. No.192 of 2002 was a suit for permanent injunction against the defendants (respondents) under Section 44 of the T.P. Act, 1882.

As per the averments made by the plaintiffs in the plaint, the genealogy of their family is as follows:-

3. According to the aforesaid genealogy provided by the plaintiffs, Burundhu Pradhan was their common ancestor. Burundhu Pradhan died leaving behind his two sons, i.e., Kanduri and Mani. Kanduri died leaving behind his only son Saunti(defendant no.3). The 2nd son of Burundhu, i.e., Mani died leaving behind his two sons, i.e., Purusottam and Sridhar. Purusottam died leaving behind his only son Gandharba (plaintiff no.1). Sridhar died leaving behind his widow wife Tara (plaintiff no.2) and one daughter, namely, Sulochana(plaintiff no.3).

4. As per the averments made by the plaintiffs in their plaint, the suit properties described in Schedule-B of the plaint, i.e., Plot No.1576 Ac.0.26 decimals under Khata No.179 in Mouza Rahana under Binjharpur Police Station (Now Bari) in Jajpur District are the undivided homestead qua dwelling house of the plaintiffs and defendant no.3 and the major settlement record of right of the same stands jointly in favour of the plaintiffs and defendant no.3. The plaintiffs and defendant no.3 have their ancestral dwelling house over Plot No.1563. The suit properties covered under Plot No.1576 described in Scheduled-B is adjacent to their dwelling house situated on Plot No.1563. The plaintiffs have been using the suit properties as their kitchen garden. The plaintiff no.1 had a fuel-shed and cowshed over the suit properties, which was broken in 1999 super cyclone. The plaintiffs have not abandoned their idea of raising a house over the "B" Schedule suit properties. The plaintiffs have also been using the suit properties as their threashing floor. The suit properties described in Schedule "B" vide M.S. Plot No.1576 is within one enclosure and the same is a part and parcel of their dwelling house situated on Plot No.1563. They (plaintiffs) cannot spare any part of the suit properties, because the suit properties is their undivided homestead area and the same has not been partitioned through metes and bounds between them and their co-sharers. They (plaintiffs) have been cremating their ancestors on the suit properties and as such, the graveyard of their ancestors exist over a part of the suit properties described in Schedule-"B" of the plaint. They (plaintiffs) also cannot spare any part of the graveyard of their ancestors and also cannot allow to disturb the sanctity of their graveyard situated on the suit properties, i.e., over Plot No.1576. The suit properties are very much essential for their beneficial enjoyment as their undivided dwelling house. The defendant nos.1 and 2 are the strangers to their family, i.e., to the family of the plaintiffs and defendant no.3. The defendant nos.1 and 2 have no right of joint possession of "B" schedule suit properties with the plaintiffs. Surprisingly, on dated 12.08.2002, the defendant nos.1 and 2 attempted to enter upon the "B" schedule suit properties forcibly and tried to interfere with the smooth possession of the plaintiffs over the suit properties and also tried to make construction thereon, but, they (defendant nos.1 and 2) could not succeed in their such attempt by the protests of the plaintiffs. When the plaintiffs protested against the above illegal activities of the defendant nos.1 and 2, then, they (defendant nos.1 and 2) disclosed that, they have purchased 8 anna share of defendant no.3 in suit Plot No.1576. As, the defendant nos.1 and 2 are the strangers, they hav

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