IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
ARVIND SINGH SANGWAN, MOHD. AZHAR HUSAIN IDRISI, JJ.
Zulfikar Abbasi – Appellant
Versus
State of U.P. and Another – Respondents
Capital Cases Nos. 6, 8, 10 of 2021
Decided On : 04-10-2024
Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Sections 364, 376D, 302/34, 201, 404 - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 - Sections 5G/6 - Confirmation of capital punishment - Conviction of appellants for kidnapping, gang rape, and murder of minor victim upheld - Evidence including CCTV footage and confessions established guilt - Death penalty commuted to life imprisonment for lack of exceptional circumstances. (Paras 79-96)
Facts of the case:
The appellants were convicted for the kidnapping, gang rape, and murder of a minor girl, with evidence including eyewitness accounts and forensic reports supporting the prosecution's case.
Findings of Court:
The court upheld the conviction based on strong circumstantial evidence and confessions made by the accused, but found the death penalty unwarranted due to lack of aggravating circumstances.
Issues: The main issues included the age of the victim, the identity of the accused, and the sufficiency of evidence to support the charges of rape and murder.
Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that while the evidence was compelling, the absence of prior criminal history and the potential for rehabilitation of the accused warranted a commutation of the death sentence to life imprisonment.
Result: Appeals dismissed regarding conviction; sentence modified to life imprisonment without remission.
JUDGMENT :
ARVIND SINGH SANGWAN, J.
1. Heard Sri Anil Kumar Singh, Sri Dharmendra Singh, Sri Rahul Shrivastva and Sri Sikandar Khan, learned counsel for the appellants, learned AGA for State, Sri Ganesh Shanker Srivastava and Sri Saurabh Gaur, learned counsel for the informant and perused the material available on record.
2. Reference No. 5 of 2021 has been made by the court of Additional Sessions Judge (Rape Case) POCSO Act, Court No. 2, Bulandshahr for confirmation of capital punishment awarded to appellants Zulfikar Abbasi, Israil @ Malani and Dilshad Abbasee in Special Case No. 1844 of 2018 (State Vs. Zullfikarl and others). The jail appeals being Capital Case No. 6 of 2021, 8 of 2021 and 10 of 2021 have been filed by the appellants challenging the judgment of conviction dated 24.3.2021 (as corrected on 26.3.2021), holding them guilty of offence, arising out of Case Crime No. 04/2018, Police Station-Kotwali Nagar, District-Bulandshahr under Section 364, 376D, 302/34, 201, 404 IPC & Section 5G/6 POCSO Act. The trial court has awarded death sentence to the appellants with fine of Rs. 01 lakh each, In case of non-payment of the fine further undergo two years additional rigorous imprisonment. They were also awarded life imprisonment under section 376-D of IPC and Section 5G/6 of POCSO Act with fine of Rs. 50,000/- each and in case of default of payment of fine further undergo one year additional imprisonment, and further under Section 364 IPC were awarded 10 years imprisonment with fine of Rs. 25,000/- and in default of payment of fine, 6 months further imprisonment, under Section 201 IPC, 7 years imprisonment with fine of Rs. 25,000/- and in default of payment of fine to undergo six months further imprisonment, under Section 404 IPC, 3 years imprisonment with fine of Rs. 10,000/-. In default of payment of fine to go further three months imprisonment and it was observed that all the sentences will run concurrently.
3. Brief facts of the case are that the informant Babita Sharma, gave a complaint to the police as Ex-Ka-1 which reads as under:
4. The police recorded chik FIR (Ex-Ka-4) on 2.1.2018 at about 11 pm and started investigation. During investigation on the same day i.e. 2.1.2018 at about 11:30 pm in presence of witness Pushkar Singh, the police effected recovery of a lady cycle (black colour - Wisdom mark, one black colour bag with tycoon logo, one mathematics book, rough copy on which name of (victim Class XII) was mentioned alongwith cover of spectacles with mark Raj Opticals, Laxman Vihar, Main Road, Naka Chungi, Kota, Rajasthan. One pen black colour, one drinking water bottle of 250 ml on which King Orange was marked and one slipper of left foot with red and yellow colour with mark ‘conform’ were also recovered and were taken in possession vide recovery memo Ex-Ka-16.
5. In the meantime, on 3.1.2018 an unknown body of a girl was recovered by the police near a small canal/drain. Panchayatnama was conducted in which one lady Head Constable Geeta inspected the dead body and reported that the victim was wearing black jeans, belt, black colour top, white sweater and red and blue colour undergarments with black string around her neck and bracelet on her left hand and a ring in finger of hand. She was also wearing pink and while colour socks with yellow and black colour dupatta (Scarf).
6. It was reported that no visible injury mark was there on the dead body. The dead body was sent to the hospital for postmortem examination and in the meantime PW-2-Pushpendra, father of the victim reached hospital and identified that the body is of her daughter (victim-A).
7. Thereafter the postmortem was conducted. The police recorded the following injuries on the dead body:
(2) Ligature mark of size 29 cm x 2 cm present on front of neck on and below thyroid Cartilage. Base of mark is brownish & soft. Subcutaneous tissues under the ligature mark is ecc
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The court upheld the conviction for kidnapping, gang rape, and murder but commuted the death penalty to life imprisonment due to lack of exceptional circumstances.
Circumstantial evidence, particularly the 'last seen' principle, can suffice for conviction in rape and murder cases yet demands rigorous scrutiny for reliability.
For conviction under circumstantial evidence, the complete chain implicating guilt must exclude reasonable doubt of innocence.
Quantum of sentence – There can be no straitjacket formulae – A delicate balance has to be struck – Fundamental underpinning is principle of proportionality.
(1) Constitutional guarantees of equality before law, protection of life and personal liberty, protection in respect of conviction, and protection against arrest and detention, do not expand into a c....
(1) Evidence is only to be weighed and not to be counted – It is essentially, for prosecution to decide as to how many witnesses are to be examined to establish its case on any particular point.(2) D....
The judgment establishes that circumstantial evidence must form a complete, unbroken chain directly linking the accused to the crime, which warranted a life sentence in this case.
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