JUDGMENT :

(Rohit Ranjan Agarwal, J.)

1. These connected five cases filed under Article 227 of Constitution of India have been nominated to this Court by orders of Hon’ble The Acting Chief Justice dated 29.11.2023.

2. Defendant no. 1, Anjuman Intezamia Masjid filed three cases under Article 227 No. 3341 of 2017 (Earlier Writ Petition No. 32565 of 1998) assailing the revisional order dated 23.09.1998 and order dated 18.10.1997 passed by trial court on application 96/C filed by plaintiffs, deciding Issue No. 2 in regard to applicability of Section 4 of Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991 (hereinafter called as ‘Act of 1991’).

3. Case No. 3844 of 2021 filed under Article 227 challenges the order passed on 08.04.2021 by Civil Judge (Senior Division), F.T.C., Varanasi on application, being Paper No. 266-Ga directing for survey by Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Original Suit No. 610 of 1991.

4. Case No. 1521 of 2020 has been filed for setting aside the order dated 04.02.2020 passed by Civil Judge (Senior Division)/F.T.C., Varanasi rejecting the application 270-Ga of petitioner-defendant no. 1 and application 274-Ga of defendant no. 2, wherein a prayer was made for stayin