IN THE HIGH COURT OF ALLAHABAD
ASHWANI KUMAR MISHRA, SYED AFTAB HUSAIN RIZVI, JJ.
Surendra Koli and Others - Appellants
Versus
State through Central Bureau of Investigation - Respondent
Capital Case Nos. 5183, 4404 of 2017 With Capital Reference No. 10 of 2017
Decided On : 16-10-2023
JUDGMENT :
Ashwani Kumar Mishra, J.
| Sl. No. | Particulars |
| 1. | The Nithari incident (Para 3-15) |
| 2. | Disappearance of victim A (Para 16-19) |
| 3. | Documentary evidence of prosecution (Para-20) |
| 4. | Oral evidence of prosecution (Para 21) |
| 4a. | Statement of accused u/s 313 Cr.P.C. (Para 22-23) |
| 5. | Defence Evidence (Para 24-25) |
| 6. | Chronology of events (Para 26) |
| 7. | 7. Issues framed during trial u/s 354(1)(b) Cr.P.C. (Para 27-28) |
| 8. | Circumstances relied upon by the court of Sessions to hold the accused guilty (Para 29) |
| 9. | Arguments in support of appeal (Para 30-73) |
| 10. | Arguments on behalf of the prosecution (CBI) (Para 74-83) |
| 11. | Issues arising in the appeal (Para 84-87) |
| 12. | Law on recovery u/s 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. (Para 88-96) |
| 13. | Analysis of evidence on the aspect of arrest of accused, disclosure by him and the recovery (Para 97-150) |
| 14. | Evidence of previous recovery of biological material from the same spot (Para 151-161) |
| 15. | Circumstance of accused SK luring girls and cutting body parts before experts at AIIMS (para 153-161) |
| 16. | Circumstances leading to confession of accused (Para 162-181) |
| 17. | Contents of transcription of recorded confession (Para 182) |
| 18. | Retraction of confession by the accused (Para 183-186) |
| Law on confession:- | |
| (i) Confession is viewed with circumspection (Para 187-198); | |
| (ii) Confession has to be read as a whole (Para 199-200); | |
| (iii) If tainted in part, the taint attaches to each part of the confession (Para 201-202) | |
| (iv) Confession must be voluntary and true (Para 203-204); | |
| (v) Burden to prove that confession is voluntary is on the prosecution (Para 205-206); | |
| (vi) Role/duty of court in recording confession (Para 207-209) | |
| 19. | Analysis of evidence on the aspect of confession to ascertain Voluntariness and truthfulness:- |
| Prolonged police custody (Para 211-221); | |
| Delayed confession to facilitate tutoring? (Para 222-224); | |
| Torture to accused (Para 225-234); | |
| Confession letter to ACMM New Delhi (Para 235-237); | |
| No proper medical examination of accused SK (Para 238-241); | |
| Prosecution stand on torture (Para 242); | |
| Evidence on torture (Para 243-248); | |
| Confession in view of Section 28 of the Evidence Act (Para 249-250); | |
| Facets of confession in this case (Para 251-267); | |
| Safeguards under Section 164 Cr.P.C. (Para 268-274); | |
| No effective legal aid (Para 275-280); | |
| Non compliance of procedural safeguards under Section 164 Cr.P.C. (Para 281-288); | |
| No conclusive finding of voluntariness prior to recording of confession (Para 289-290); | |
| Confession not properly proved (Para 291-297); | |
| Confession not shown to be true, rather, contradicted by other evidence? (Para 298-299); | |
| No independent corroboration of murder, rape or cannibalism (Para 300-309); | |
| Events mentioned in confession improbable (Para 310-318); | |
| 20. | Scientific evidence relied upon by prosecution (Para 319-339) |
| 21. | Impact of previous judgment in the case of 'XYZ' :- (Para 340-408) |
| (i) Supreme Court in 'XYZ' only affirmed the findings, conclusion and sentence of the High Court in respect of accused SK; (Para 340-341) | |
| (ii) High Court restricted its findings only to the case of 'XYZ' and were not to apply in other cases of Nithari killings, including this case; (Para 342-343) | |
| (iii) Evidence in the case of 'XYZ' distinct from the case of A; (344-365) | |
| (iv) Judgment in 'XYZ' not an evidence in the present case; (366-380) | |
| (v) Can the judgment in 'XYZ' be a binding precedent; (381-400) | |
| (vi) Can previous judgment operate as issue estoppel.(401-408) | |
| 22. | Alternative hypothesis consistent with innocence of accused relied upon by the acc |
Ahmed Hussein Vali Mohammed Saiyed Vs. State of Gujarat
Hem Chandra Nayak Vs. State of Assam
Jamiludin Nasir; Aftab Ahmed Ansari @ Aftab Ansari Vs. State of West Bengal
Ghanshyam Das Vs. State of Assam
Rajesh & Anr. vs. State of Madhya Pradesh
Nandlal Bharti Vs. State of Uttar Pradesh
H.P. Administration Vs. Shri Om Prakash
State of Himachal Pradesh Vs. Jeet Singh
Makhan Singh Vs. State of Punjab
Baksheesh Singh vs. State of Punjab
Anter Singh vs. State of Rajasthan
Kishore Chand vs. State of Himachal Pradesh
Nagraj Vs. State of Tamil Nadu
Arup Bhuyan Vs. State of Assam
D.K. Basu Vs. State of West Bengal
Aghnoo Nagesia Vs. State of Bihar
Sevantilal Vs. State of Maharashtra
Aloke Nath Dutta Vs. State of West Bengal
Babubhai Udesinh Parmar Vs. State of Gujarat
Bhagwan Singh Vs. State of M.P.
Babu Singh Vs. State of Punjab
Pulukuri Kottaya and Udai Bhan vs. State of U.P.
State of M.P. v. Shyamsunder Trivedi
Shankaria v. State of Rajasthan
State of U.P. v. Singhara Singh
Shivappa v. State of Karnataka
Sarwan Singh v. State of Punjab
Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra
Hanumant v. State of Madhya Pradesh
Tufail (Alias) Simmi v. State of Uttar Pradesh
Ramgopal v. State of Maharashtra
Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v. State of Maharashtra
Munna Pandey vs. State of Bihar 2023 SCC OnLine SC 1103
A.T. Mydeen and another vs Assistant Commissioner (2021) SCC Online 1017
Abdul Kayoom v. CIT AIR 1962 SC 680 Ram Rakhi v. Union of India AIR 2002 Del 458
Arasmeta Captive Power Co. (P) Ltd. v. Lafarge India (P) Ltd
Ashish Ranjan v. Anupma Tandon (2010) 14 SCC 274
Assam Bengal Cement Co. Ltd. v. CITI (1955) 27 ITR 34
B Shama Rao v. UT Pondicherry AIR 1967 SC 1480
Balgangadhar Tilak vs Shri Shriniwas Pandit and another
Bhavnagar University v. Palitana Sugar Mill (P) Ltd. (2003) 2 SCC 111
Charan Singh v. State of Punjab (1975) 3 SCC 39
Common Cause v. Union of India (2004) 5 SCC 222
Dagdu v. State of Maharashtra (1977) 3 SCC 68
Delhi Admin. (NCT of Delhi) v. Manohar Lal (2002) 7 SCC 222
Divisional Controller, KSRTC v. Mahadeva Shetty
Gian Chand v. State of Haryana (2013) 14 SCC 420
Haryana Financial Corpn. v. Jagdamba Oil Mills (2002) 3 SCC 496
Manipur Administration, Manipur Vs. Thokchom Bira Singh
Mohd Ajmal Amir Kasab v. State of Maharashtra (2012) 9 SCC 1
Mohd. Jamiludin Nasir v. State of WB (2014) 7 SCC 443
Municipal Committee v. Hazara Singh (1975) 1 SCC 794
Nalini Mahajan (Dr) v. Director of Income Tax (Investigation)
Pandurang v. State of Hyderabad AIR 1955 SC 216
Parasa Raja Manikyala Rao v. State of AP. (2003) 12 SCC 306
Prakash Chandra Pathak v. State of Uttar Pradesh
Pritam Singh and another Vs. State of Punjab
Pyare Lal Bhargava vs State of Rajasthan AIR 1963 SC 1094
Rajan Rai vs. State of Bihar (2006) 1 SCC 191
Shankarlal v. State of Maharashtra
State Financial Corporation v. Jagadamba Oil Mills
State of A.P. v. Gangula (1997) 1 SCC 272
State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat (2005) 8 SCC 534
State of Kerala v. Vasudevan Nair, Cr.A. No. 89 of 1973, dated July 18
Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v. Union of India
Provisions of Section 164 Cr.P.C must be complied with not only in form, but in essence.
Evidence must establish all circumstances consistent with the accused's guilt, with no reasonable hypothesis of innocence possible, especially in cases of circumstantial evidence.
(1) Circumstantial evidence – Accused can be convicted on the basis of circumstantial evidence subject to satisfaction of expected principles in that regard – In a case of circumstantial evidence, ju....
Confessions made voluntarily and without pressure under Section 164 of Cr.P.C. are admissible as evidence.
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.