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2021 Supreme(Raj) 1856

RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT BENCH AT JAIPUR
Sangeet Lodha, Inderjeet Singh, Mahendar Kumar Goyal, JJ.
Mahendra Kumar Jain - Appellant
Versus
Appellate Rent Tribunal, Ajmer & Ors. - Respondents
D.B. Civil Reference (Larger Bench) No. 1/2020 in D.B.Special Appeal (Writ) No. 853/2019
Decided On : 27-07-2021

Advocates appeared:
Mr. Ajeet Kumar Bhandari with, Mr. Jitendra Mishra and Priyansh Jain, Mr. N.K. Maloo, Senior Advocate with Mr. Abhimanyu Singh, Mr. Manish Sharma with Mr. Lakshay Pareek, Ms. Shalini Sheoran, Mr. Rajendra Soni with Mr. Vishal Soni, Mr. Hemant Gupta, Mr. Shailesh Prakash Sharma, Mr. Bipin Gupta, Mr. Rahul Kamwar, Advocates, for the Appellant; Mr. Puru Malik, Ms. Priti Malik Mr. Narendra Malik Mr. Abhinav Sharma Mr. Shehban Naqvi Mr. Rajesh Mehrishi Advocates, for the Respondent

Headnote:(A) Rajasthan Rent Control Act, 2001 - Sections 9, 13, and 19 - Jurisdiction of Rent Tribunal and Appellate Rent Tribunal - Issues of maintainability of appeal against decisions of the Rent Tribunal highlighted - Jurisdiction under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution of India explored. (Paras 1, 32, 78)

(B) Recognition of Rent Tribunal and Appellate Rent Tribunal as judicial bodies with powers akin to Civil Courts established, thereby excluding their decisions from writ jurisdiction under Article 226. (Paras 41, 42, 63)

(C) Law clarified that judicial orders passed by the Rent Tribunal are only appealable under Article 227, making intra-Court appeal unmaintainable against judgments arising from such orders. (Paras 42, 80)

Facts of the case:
The appellant, a tenant since 2001, was evicted based on alleged default in rent payments as determined by the Rent Tribunal and upheld by the Appellate Rent Tribunal, which led to subsequent appeals focusing on jurisdictional grounds.

Findings of Court:
The Court concluded that the Rent Tribunal and Appellate Rent Tribunal have judicial authority akin to civil courts and that appeals against their orders can only proceed under Article 227 of the Constitution, not Article 226.

Issues: Whether an appeal against the judgments of the Rent Tribunal and Appellate Rent Tribunal is maintainable before the Division Bench under the Rajasthan High Court Rules, and the applicability of Articles 226 and 227 in such cases.

Ratio Decidendi: The court ruled that orders by Rent Tribunals cannot be challenged through writ jurisdiction as they function under judicial authority conferred by legislative enactment, and thus, misunderstanding earlier precedents, the appeal processes under Article 227 were reaffirmed as appropriate.

Result: Intra-Court appeal is not maintainable against orders from Rent Tribunal.

Table of Content
1. maintainability of appeal against single bench's judgment. (Para 1)
2. factual background regarding the landlord-tenant dispute. (Para 2)
3. preliminary objections on maintainability of appeal. (Para 3)
4. arguments regarding jurisdiction under articles 226 and 227. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
5. counsel's advocacy on appealability based on past judgments. (Para 7 , 8 , 9)
6. discussion on distinction between tribunal and courts. (Para 10 , 11 , 12)
7. legal arguments on the nature of rent tribunals. (Para 13 , 14)
8. constitutional provisions empowering high court's supervisory authority. (Para 15 , 16)
9. characteristics of judicial power and its exercise. (Para 17 , 18)
10. powers of the high court in judicial and quasi-judicial matters. (Para 19 , 20 , 21)
11. clarifications on the jurisdiction related to property disputes. (Para 22 , 23)
12. hierarchy and jurisdiction of rent control legislation. (Para 24 , 25 , 26)
13. importance of adhering to legal processes and principles of justice. (Para 27 , 28)
14. conclusion on whether rent tribunals function as courts. (Para 29 , 30)
15. final conclusions on appealability under judicial and supervisory contexts. (Para 31 , 32)
16. reflections on historical context influencing current statutes. (Para 33 , 34)
17. relevance of legislative framework on landlord-tenant disputes. (Para 35 , 36)
18. final remarks on judicial review in light of statutes. (Para 37 , 38)
19. essence of maintaining laws governing landlord-tenant relations. (Para 39 , 40)
20. systematic overview of ease in legal recourse for landlords and tenants. (Para 41 , 42)

JUDGMENT

Sangeet Lodha, J. - The legal questions that fall for our determination in this reference made by the Division Bench of this Court read as under:

    "I) Whether the appeal against the judgement of the Single Bench, reversing/upholding the judgement of the Appellate Rent Tribunal and/or the Rent Tribunal, would be maintainable before the Division Bench of this court under Rule 134 of the Rajasthan High Court Rules of 1952?

    II) Whether the writ petition filed against the judgement of the Appellate Rent Tribunal and the Rent Tribunal by very nature of the dispute, would be considered to have been filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, irrespective of invocation of Article 226 of the Constitution of India in the pleadings?"

2. The Background facts giving rise to the legal issues may be summarized thus: The appellant-Mahendra Kumar Jain is a tenant since 10.10.2001 in commercial premises i.e. two shops situated at Sardar Patel Marg, Ajmer, owned by the landlord-Smt. Shail Bhargava and others, the respondent nos. 3 to 6 herein. The respondent-landlord filed a petition under Section 9 of the RAJASTHAN RENT CONTROL ACT , 2001 ("the Act of 2001") before the Rent Tribunal, Ajmer, seeking eviction of the appellant-tenant from the rented premises, on the ground of default in payment of rent for the period from 1.7.2005 to 31.10.2005. The appellant-tenant contested the petition by filing a reply thereto, taking the stand that the respondent-landlord did not disclose her bank account number in the notice served and thus, the mandatory condition precedent for maintaining the petition seeking eviction on the ground of default, was not satisfied. Besides, it was averred that pursuant to the notice served, the arrears of rent due was deposited and therefore, there is no default in payment of rent in terms of Section 9 (a) of the Act of 2001. After due consideration of the evidence on record, the Rent Tribunal arrived at the finding that the appellant-tenant has committed default in payment of rent and accordingly, he was directed to be evicted from the premises in question vide judgment dated 21.4.2007. Aggrieved thereby, the appellant preferred an appeal under Section 19(6) of the Act of 2001, before the Appellate Rent Tribunal, Ajmer, which stood dismissed vide judgment dated 21.12.2009. Assailing the legality of the judgments of the Rent Tribunal and the

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