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2024 Supreme(SC) 1001

D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, HRISHIKESH ROY, PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA, PANKAJ MITHAL, MANOJ MISRA
Tej Prakash Pathak – Appellant
Versus
Rajasthan High Court – Respondent


Advocates appeared:
For the Appellant(s) : Dr. Ritu Bhardwaj, Adv. Ms. Neetu Singh, Adv. Ms. Ishika, Adv. Mrs. Razia Beg, Adv. Ms. Bobby Anand, Adv. Mr. Sandeep Bansalv, Adv. Mr. Sandeep Bansal, Adv. Mr. Tribhuwan Bhandari, Adv. Mr. Tribhuvan Bhandari, Adv. Ms. Rashmi Pandey, Adv. Mr. Rameshkunal Choksi Chandra, Adv. Mr. Mohan Kumar, AOR Mr. Raghenth Basant, Sr. Adv. Ms. Kaushitaki Sharma, Adv. Ms. Aakash Lodha, Adv.
For the Respondent(s): Mr. Pawanshree Agrawal, Adv. Mr. Sunil Kumar Jain, AOR Ms. Rashika Swarup, Adv. Mr. Anil Kumar, AOR Mr. Vijay Hansaria, Sr. Adv. Mr. Maibam Nabaghanashyam Singh, AOR

Judgement Key Points

Question 1? What is the rule regarding whether eligibility criteria for placement in the select list can be changed after the recruitment process has commenced? Question 2? What is the proper scope of "rules of the game" for recruitment, and how do Articles 14 and 16 interact with changes to selection procedures mid-process? Question 3? What rights do candidates have regarding appointment from a select list when vacancies exist, and can the state deny appointment after placement in the list?

Key Points: - The recruitment process starts with advertisement and ends with filling vacancies. (!) - Eligibility criteria for placement in the select list cannot be changed midway; changes must align with extant rules/advertisement and satisfy non-arbitrariness under Article 14. (!) - The court affirms K. Manjusree doctrine that changing selection benchmarks after completion of the process is impermissible; but allows certain flexibility for procedure/benchmarks if set before commencement or per rules. (!) (!) - The State/instrumentality cannot arbitrarily deny appointment to a selected candidate; however placement in the select list does not confer indefeasible right to appointment. (!) (!) - Where rules are silent, administrative instructions may supplement; where rules cover the field, they must be followed. (!) (!) - The decision not to fill vacancies must be bonafide with regard to merit; upper standards may be applied but not retroactively. (!) (!) - Substantive conclusions: (1) recruitment process ends with filling vacancies; (2) eligibility for placement cannot be altered mid-process; (3) Manjusree vs. Subash Chander Marwaha are distinct on right to placement vs. appointment; (4) procedure for selection may be devised but must be transparent and non-arbitrary. (!) (!) (!)

Question 1?

What is the rule regarding whether eligibility criteria for placement in the select list can be changed after the recruitment process has commenced?

Question 2?

What is the proper scope of "rules of the game" for recruitment, and how do Articles 14 and 16 interact with changes to selection procedures mid-process?

Question 3?

What rights do candidates have regarding appointment from a select list when vacancies exist, and can the state deny appointment after placement in the list?


JUDGMENT :

MANOJ MISRA, J.

The ideal in recruitment is to do away with unfairness1 [UNITED NATIONS HANDBOOK OF CIVIL SERVICE LAWS AND PRACTICES]

REFERENCE

1. A three-Judge Bench of this Court while accepting the salutary principle that once the recruitment process commences the State or its instrumentality cannot tinker with the “rules of the game” insofar as the prescription of eligibility criteria is concerned, wondered whether that should apply also to the procedure for selection. In that context, doubting the correctness of a coordinate Bench decision in K. Manjusree2 [K. Manjusree v. State of A.P., (2008) 3 SCC 512] for not having noticed an earlier decision in Subash Chander Marwaha3 [State of Haryana v. Subash Chander Marwaha, (1974) 3 SCC 220], vide order4 [Tej Prakash Pathak C Others v. Rajasthan High Court and Others, (2013) 4 SCC 540] dated 20 March 2013, it was directed that the matter be placed before the Chief Justice for constituting a larger Bench for an authoritative pronouncement on the subject.

THE FACTUAL CONTEXT FOR THE REFERENCE

2. The relevant facts giving rise to the reference are as follows:

    (a) The Rajasthan High Court5 [The High Court] vide notification dated 17

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