D. Y. CHANDRACHUD, HRISHIKESH ROY, J. B. PARDIWALA, MANOJ MISRA, RAJESH BINDAL, SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA, AUGUSTINE GEORGE MASIH, B. V. NAGARATHNA, SUDHANSHU DHULIA
Property Owners Association – Appellant
Versus
State of Maharashtra – Respondent
JUDGMENT :
Dr. Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud, CJI
| Table of Contents |
| A. Background |
| i. Genesis of the Reference |
| ii. The three reference orders |
| iii. Scope of the present reference |
| B. Issues |
| C. Article 31C |
| i. Brief History of Article 31-C |
| ii. The present dispute concerning Article 31-C and rival contentions |
| iii. Precedents concerning invalidation of amendments |
| iv. Analysis and Conclusions concerning Article 31-C |
| D. Article 39(b) |
| i. Submissions |
| a. Submissions of the appellants and intervenors |
| b. Submissions of the Respondents and Intervenors |
| ii. Judicial Discipline: Observations in Sanjeev Coke and Mafatlal |
| a. The resurrection of the minority view in Ranganatha Reddy by Sanjeev Coke |
| b. Sanjeev Coke erred in relying on the observations of the minority in Ranganatha Reddy |
| c. The error has been carried forward in subsequent decisions |
| d. The single-line observation in Mafatlal is obiter dicta |
| iii. Interpreting Article 39(b) |
| a. Article 39(b) as a pre-requisite to protection under Article 31C |
| b. Article 39(b) as a Directive Principle |
| iv. Historical Context |
In Re: Natural Resources Allocation
ATB Mehtab Majid v State of Madras, 1963 14 STC 355; 1962 INSC 342 [Para 53
Laxmibai v State of Madhya Pradesh
Shriram Gulabdas v Board of Revenue, Madhya Pradesh
Mulchand Odhavji v Rajkot Borough Municipality
State of Maharashtra v Central Provinces Manganese Ore.
DK Trivedi & Sons v State of Gujarat
Supreme Court Advocates-On-Record Association v Union of India
Shaukat Khan v State of Andhra Pradesh
Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) v Union of India
Central Board of Dawoodi Bohra vs. State of Maharashtra
Trimurthi Fragrances (P) Ltd. v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2022 SCC OnLine SC 1247
Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. State of Maharashtra, (2021) 8 SCC 1
Rajnarain Singh v. Patna Administration Committee, (1954) 2 SCC 82
Kaikhosrou (Chick) Kavasji Framji v. Union of India, (2019) 20 SCC 705 [40-46]
Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India, (2018) 10 SCC 1 [442-446]
Lt. Col. Nitisha & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors, (2021) 15 SCC 125 [50]
Sita Soren v Union of India, (2024) 5 SCC 629 [33]
Secundrabad Club v. CIT, 2023 SCC OnLine SC 1004 [13], 2023 INSC 736 [Paras 111
Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka, (2003) 6 SCC 697 [2]
State of Gujarat v. Utility Users' Welfare Assn., (2018) 6 SCC 21 [113-114]
Ashok Kumar Thakur v Union of India, (2008) 6 SCC 1 [173], 2008 INSC 473 [Paras 139
State of Madras v Champakan Dorairjan, AIR 1951 SC 226 [15]
Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, 1967 SCC OnLine SC 14 [16, 19]
Indian Handicrafts Emporium v. Union of India, (2003) 7 SCC 589
M.R.F. Ltd. v. Inspector, Kerala Govt, (1998) 8 SCC 227 [13]
Workmen v. Meenakshi Mills Ltd., (1992) 3 SCC 336 [27]
Pathumma v. State of Kerala, (1978) 2 SCC 1
Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat, (2005) 8 SCC 534
State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas, (1976) 2 SCC 310
Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984) 3 SCC 161 [10]
Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corpn., (1985) 3 SCC 545 [33]
S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab, (2001) 7 SCC 126
K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1 [476]
Maharao Sahib Shri Bhim Singhji v. Union of India
Tinsukhia Electric Supply Co. Ltd. v. State of Assam
Assam Sillimanite Ltd. v. Union of India
Hardeep Singh v. State of Punjab
Rohitash Kumar v Om Prakash Sharma
Chandigarh Housing Board v. Major General Devinder Singh
Vidya Devi v. State of Himachal Pradesh
Kolkata Municipal Corporation and Another v. Bimal Kumar Shah and Others
M.I. Builders (P) Ltd. v. Radhey Shyam Sahu
Fomento Resorts and Hotels Ltd. v. Minguel Martins
Intellectuals Forum v. State of A.P.
Vedanta Limited v State of Tamil Nadu
Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India
Property Owners' Association v. State of Maharashtra
State of Maharashtra v Basantibai Khetan
Minerva Mills v. Union of India, (1980) 3 SCC 625; 1980 INSC 142 [Para 16
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225; 1973 INSC 91 [Para 17
Sanjeev Coke Manufacturing Co vs. Bharat Coking Coal Ltd.
State of Karnataka v. Ranganatha Reddy
Mafatlal Industries Ltd vs. Union of India
[Majority View](1) Acquisition of private resources – Not every resource owned by an individual can be considered a ‘material resource of community’ merely because it meets qualifier of ‘material nee....
Auctions are not the only permissible method for disposal of all natural resources across all sectors and in all circumstances. No part of the natural resource can be dissipated as a matter of larges....
Sub-section (2) of section 7 of impugned Act reads amount payable under sub-section (1) shall be 500 times of lease rental as is evidenced in records.
(Majority View):(1) EWS reservation – 103rd Constitution Amendment cannot be said to breach basic structure of Constitution by permitting State to make special provisions, including reservation, base....
The court reaffirmed that lands reserved for common purposes should not revert to proprietors unless formally reallocated, emphasizing established precedents in land management law.
The main legal point established in the judgment is that the resumption of land assigned to the Appellants violated their fundamental rights under Article 21 and 300-A of the Constitution of India. T....
Legislature has no legislative competence to pass any resolution/law for change of capital or bifurcating or trifurcating the capital city Notified Master Plan cannot be modified suo motu.
A law that extinguishes leasehold rights without providing constitutionally adequate compensation violates rights under Article 31-A.
The interpretation of a statute and its vires under the Constitution may involve questions of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution.
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